{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:20:49Z","timestamp":1774542049341,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-cmh.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Mol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Aims: Galectin-3 plays a key pathogenic role in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of galectin-3 on cardiomyopathy \u2013 related factors and cardiac contractility in a rat model of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.Methods: Rats were divided into two sets, one for a functional study, the other for cardiac contractile-related protein evaluation. There were four groups in each set: sham operated and sham plus N-acetyllactosamine (N-Lac, a galectin-3 inhibitor; 5 mg\/kg); bile duct ligated (BDL) and BDL plus N-Lac. Four weeks after surgery, ventricular level of galectin-3, collagen I and III ratio, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured either by Western blots or immunohistochemistry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood pressure was measured by polygraph recorder. Cardiomyocyte contractility was measured by inverted microscopy.Results: Galectin-3 and collagen I\/III ratio were significantly increased in cirrhotic hearts. TNF\u03b1 and BNP were significantly increased in BDL serum and heart compared with sham controls. Galectin-3 inhibitor significantly decreased galectin-3, TNF\u03b1, and BNP in cirrhotic hearts but not in sham controls. N-Lac also significantly improved the blood pressure, and systolic and diastolic cardiomyocyte contractility in cirrhotic rats but had no effect on sham controls.Conclusion: Increased galectin-3 in the cirrhotic heart significantly inhibited contractility via TNF\u03b1. Inhibition of galectin-3 decreased the cardiac content of TNF\u03b1 and BNP and reversed the decreased blood pressure and depressed contractility in the cirrhotic heart. Galectin-3 appears to play a pathogenic role in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T23:17:41Z","timestamp":1641424661000},"page":"232-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Galectin-3 inhibits cardiac contractility via a tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent mechanism in cirrhotic rats"],"prefix":"10.3350","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ki Tae","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongqun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sojung","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4431-272X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1902","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mog.0000000000000733"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"985","volume-title":"Review article: comprehensive analysis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy","author":"Chahal","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.01.021"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.06.001"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/cmc.s15722"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.061"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"2927","volume-title":"Biomarkers and heart disease","author":"Sun","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.538080"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq091"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.112.000146"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14599"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2012.06.020"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.030"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01692.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(17)31891-4"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"86","volume-title":"Heart failure and galectin 3","author":"Suarez","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05131.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2014.00138"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00257.2011"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.112.971168"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000147181.65298.4d"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.01.016"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24768"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfp097"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2013.06.054"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.524826"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.03.011"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(00)70180-6"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13174"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-020-00783-1"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"754","volume-title":"Impaired left ventricular function in alcoholic cirrhosis with ascites. 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