{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:57:02Z","timestamp":1792803422000,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"AbbVie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Arbutus Biopharma","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pr6dn97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Assembly Biosciences","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/054qagt04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol Myer Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Dicerna Pharmaceuticals","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qcf9t82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Biosciences"},{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009947","name":"Merck Sharp and Dohme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clear B Therapeutics"},{"name":"Springbank Pharmaceuticals"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014931","name":"Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014931","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fujirebio Incorporation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017981","name":"Sysmex Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017981","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-cmh.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Mol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health burden in Hong Kong, and chronic hepatitis B is the most common HCC etiology in our region. With the high case load, extensive local expertise on HCC has been accumulated. This article summarized local guidelines and real-life practice on HCC management in Hong Kong. For HCC surveillance, liver ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein for periodic screening is recommended in viral hepatitis or cirrhotic patients, and this is adhered to in clinical practice. HCC diagnosis is not covered in local guidelines, yet our practice is in-line with regional guidelines, where diagnosis is usually achieved by cross-sectional imaging and without the need for histology. Our guidelines recommend using the Hong Kong Liver Cancer Staging for pre-treatment staging, yet we routinely use other widely-adopted systems such as the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging and the Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging as well. Our local guidelines have provided clear treatment algorithms for the whole range of HCC therapies, including resection, ablation, transplant, transarterial chemoembolization, transarterial radioembolization, stereotactic body radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Real-life treatment choices are largely in line with the guidelines, although treatment protocols are individualized, and availability of specific therapies can vary between centers. Overall, HCC guidelines in Hong Kong are tailored based on local expertise and our unique patient population. The guidelines are up-to-date and provide practical pathways to assist our routine practice. Regular updates of local guidelines are warranted to account for the rapidly evolving paradigm of HCC management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T18:36:20Z","timestamp":1672252580000},"page":"217-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Clinical practice guidelines and real-life practice on hepatocellular carcinoma: the Hong Kong perspective"],"prefix":"10.3350","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Rex Wan-Hin","family":"Hui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lung-Yi","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tan-To","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Ho-Fun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9012-313X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wai-Kay","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7985-7725","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Man-Fung","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1902","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":""},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00240-3"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.02.032"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":""},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn-21-405"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000525582"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310211"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(22)00551-7"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15846"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-017-9799-9"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"49","volume-title":"LI-RADS: a conceptual and historical review from its beginning to its recent integration into AASLD clinical practice guidance","author":"Elsayes","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Gadoxetic acid\u2013enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Cho","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.107516"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.036673"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2019.11.09"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2020.09.012"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001945"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-021-05146-3"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-018-1391-2"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10305-y"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"957","volume-title":"ALPPS versus portal vein embolization for hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a changing paradigm in modulation of future liver remnant before major hepatectomy","author":"Chan","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-013-2290-4"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18735"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i24.3056"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.12859"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10677"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.24563"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-009-0165-8"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":""},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199709000-00005"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/2394-5079.2021.125"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12212"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"411","volume-title":"A decade of right liver adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation: the recipient mid-term outcomes","author":"Chan","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14218\/jcth.2017.00058"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31992"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-3254-5"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2018.03.17"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/txd.0000000000001213"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2021.100739"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2019.01.006"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Survival analysis of transarterial radioembolization with yttrium-90 for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with HBV infection","author":"She","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Selective internal radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: experience from a Hospital in Hong Kong","author":"Tai","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(22)00326-6"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"314","volume-title":"A phase 1 study of pegylated recombinant arginase (PEGBCT-100) in combination with systemic chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin)[PACOX] in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients","author":"Yau","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1915745"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(21)00604-5"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib: The CheckMate 040 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol 2020;6:e204564","author":"Yau","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2021.1899808"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30207-1"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092002"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Healthcare service in Hong Kong and its challenges. The role of health professionals within a social model of health","author":"Schoeb","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac387"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10218-2"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32716"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32378"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2018.02.017"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Molecular Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/upload\/pdf\/cmh-2022-0399.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3350\/cmh.2022.0399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/upload\/pdf\/cmh-2022-0399.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T03:28:17Z","timestamp":1681442897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3350\/cmh.2022.0399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/cmh.2022.0399","relation":{},"ISSN":["2287-2728","2287-285X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2287-2728","type":"print"},{"value":"2287-285X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}