{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:36:37Z","timestamp":1790753797702,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fujirebio, Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017981","name":"Sysmex Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017981","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline PLC.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-cmh.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Mol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The current requirement for biomarkers to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is polarized. One is a fully-automated and highly sensitive measurement system; the other is a simple system for point-of-care testing (POCT) in resource-limited areas. Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) reflects intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA and serum HBV DNA. Even in patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA or HBsAg loss, HBcrAg may remain detectable. Decreased HBcrAg levels are associated with reduction of the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B. Recently, a fully-automated, novel high-sensitivity HBcrAg assay (iTACT-HBcrAg, cut-off value: 2.1 logIU\/mL) has been developed. This attractive assay has been released in Japan very recently. iTACT-HBcrAg can be useful for monitoring HBV reactivation and prediction of HCC occurrence, as an alternative to HBV DNA. Moreover, monitoring HBcrAg may be suitable for determining the therapeutic effectiveness of approved drugs and novel drugs under development. Presently, international guidelines recommend anti-HBV prophylaxis for pregnant women with high viral loads to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV. However, &gt;95% of HBV-infected individuals live in countries where HBV DNA quantification is not available. Worldwide elimination of HBV needs the scaling-up of examination and medication services in resource-limited areas. Based on this situation, a rapid and easy HBcrAg assay as a POCT is valuable. This review provides the latest information regarding the clinical use of a new surrogate marker, HBcrAg, in HBV management, based on iTACT-HBcrAg or POCT, and introduces novel agents targeting HBV RNA\/protein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T07:30:30Z","timestamp":1678347030000},"page":"851-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Hepatitis B core-related antigen: A novel and promising surrogate biomarker to guide anti-hepatitis B virus therapy"],"prefix":"10.3350","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Takako","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehisa","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1435-462X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1902","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.08.012"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c02216"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2022.2093444"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00726-13"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2957\/kanzo.60.237"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13349"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1244-7"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10050357"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0032"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9102083"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31026"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15698\/mic2016.09.527"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"WHO releases first-ever global guidance for country validation of viral hepatitis B and C elimination"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(22)00026-2"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13504"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13346"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.40.2.439-445.2002"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1345717"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m501564200"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009230"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9100469"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00437.x"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.02.010"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300106"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12739"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21339"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9354-7"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13046"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.189904"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00366-07"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2018.10.020"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"The role of different viral biomarkers on the management of chronic hepatitis B For special issue \u2018Challenging issues in the treatment of viral hepatitis\u2019","author":"Mak","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034x.2007.00094.x"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-015-1153-1"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2006.08.005"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15058"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.01.007"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.03.013"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.08.028"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001691"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12976"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i39.6515"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv572"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12688"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15563"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.10.025"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Impact of hepatitis B core-related antigen on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019;49:457-471","author":"Hosaka","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13277"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2018.07.027"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02344.x"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1858","volume-title":"Association of hepatitis B core-related antigen with hepatitis B virus reactivation in occult viral carriers undergoing high-risk immunosuppressive therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111:1788-1795","author":"Seto","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.04.009"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30325"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30325"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v10.i9.603"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13061"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.02.017"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.9.2678"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13761"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-022-01872-w"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13602"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1819"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2022.105375"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.06.018"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz412"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13489"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.05.026"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328041"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.10.014"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"e51","volume-title":"Short term RNA interference therapy in chronic hepatitis B using JNJ-3989 brings majority of patients to HBsAg &lt;100 IU\/ml threshold","author":"Yuen","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01513-4"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.670"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104972"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.10.014"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.1c00228"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.12.439580"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(22)02053-0"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0012"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.71737"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01303-18"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13528"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321116"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32018"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejme2213449"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Molecular Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/upload\/pdf\/cmh-2022-0434.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3350\/cmh.2022.0434","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/upload\/pdf\/cmh-2022-0434.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T06:19:48Z","timestamp":1697005188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3350\/cmh.2022.0434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/cmh.2022.0434","relation":{},"ISSN":["2287-2728","2287-285X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2287-2728","type":"print"},{"value":"2287-285X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}