{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T05:35:31Z","timestamp":1792992931818,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-cmh.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Mol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits substantial molecular and morphological heterogeneity. The recently updated 6th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Digestive Tumours recognizes nine specific HCC subtypes, each characterized by distinct morphomolecular and clinical profiles. Although these subtypes account for approximately 24%\u201358% of all HCC cases, with incidence varying by cohort characteristics and etiology, the remaining cases are classified as conventional HCC. These subtypes are categorized based on their prognostic implications: the unfavorable prognosis group comprises macrotrabecular-massive, sarcomatoid, and neutrophilrich HCCs; the comparable prognosis group includes steatohepatitic, fibrolamellar, and chromophobe HCCs; and the favorable prognosis group consists of lymphocyte-rich and clear cell HCCs. By contrast, scirrhous HCC is associated with various clinical outcomes. Furthermore, this classification includes two newly recognized patterns: vessels encapsulating tumor clusters and &lt;i&gt;CTNNB1&lt;\/i&gt;-mutated HCC. Keratin 19 is an immunohistochemical marker of poor prognosis. The imaging features of HCC are significantly correlated with its molecular-pathological characteristics. In particular, aggressive subtypes frequently present with specific imaging hallmarks such as rim arterial phase hyperenhancement, diffuse arterial phase hypoenhancement, and intratumoral necrosis on T2-weighted imaging, which serve as critical noninvasive predictors of clinical outcomes. However, a definitive diagnosis of specific subtypes based solely on imaging remains challenging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular, pathological, and radiological characteristics of HCC subtypes and patterns, emphasizing that a detailed understanding of these features is essential for informed therapeutic decision-making and accurate prognostic assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2026.0431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T07:42:17Z","timestamp":1786434137000},"page":"e2026.0431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comprehensive radiopathological and molecular review of hepatocellular carcinoma: expanding on the World Health Organization, 6th edition"],"prefix":"10.3350","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Hyungjin","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0357-7967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young Nyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1902","container-title":["Clinical and Molecular Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/upload\/pdf\/cmh-2026-0431.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3350\/cmh.2026.0431","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/upload\/pdf\/cmh-2026-0431.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T05:02:42Z","timestamp":1792990962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-cmh.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3350\/cmh.2026.0431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/cmh.2026.0431","relation":{},"ISSN":["2287-2728","2287-285X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2287-2728","type":"print"},{"value":"2287-285X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}