{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:02:47Z","timestamp":1791932567877,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jeehp.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Educ Eval Health Prof"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is an effective but resource-intensive tool for assessing clinical competence. This study hypothesized that implementing a virtual OSCE in the Second Life (SL) platform in the metaverse as a cost-effective alternative will effectively assess and enhance clinical skills in emergency radiology while being feasible and well-received. The aim was to evaluate a virtual radiology OSCE in SL as a formative assessment, focusing on feasibility, educational impact, and students\u2019 perceptions.Methods: Two virtual 6-station OSCE rooms dedicated to emergency radiology were developed in SL. Sixth-year medical students completed the OSCE during a 1-hour session in 2022\u20132023, followed by feedback including a correction checklist, individual scores, and group comparisons. Students completed a questionnaire with Likert-scale questions, a 10-point rating, and open-ended comments. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Student t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test, and qualitative data through thematic analysis.Results: In total, 163 students participated, achieving mean scores of 5.1\u00b11.4 and 4.9\u00b11.3 (out of 10) in the 2 virtual OSCE rooms, respectively (P=0.287). One hundred seventeen students evaluated the OSCE, praising the teaching staff (9.3\u00b11.0), project organization (8.8\u00b11.2), OSCE environment (8.7\u00b11.5), training usefulness (8.6\u00b11.5), and formative self-assessment (8.5\u00b11.4). Likert-scale questions and students\u2019 open-ended comments highlighted the virtual environment\u2019s attractiveness, case selection, self-evaluation usefulness, project excellence, and training impact. Technical difficulties were reported by 13 students (8%).Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating formative OSCEs in SL as a useful teaching tool for undergraduate radiology education, which was cost-effective and highly valued by students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2025.22.12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T04:56:16Z","timestamp":1745211376000},"page":"12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3352\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of a virtual objective structured clinical examination in the metaverse (Second Life) to assess the clinical skills in emergency radiology of medical students in Spain: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3352","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6192-0706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alba Virtudes","family":"Perez-Baena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodoro","family":"Rudolphi-Solero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Lorenzo-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Dominguez-Pinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Jose","family":"Ruiz-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Sendra-Portero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"14441","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(03)80746-8"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15444"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.63040"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rxeng.2022.09.006"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2022.19.30"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2021.18.32"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/59005"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-024-00329-8"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-11-00236.1"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urpr.2016.01.006"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02213420"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.5572.a534"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2018.06.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/jeehp.org\/upload\/pdf\/jeehp-22-12.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/jeehp.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3352\/jeehp.2025.22.12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/jeehp.org\/upload\/pdf\/jeehp-22-12.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T04:09:31Z","timestamp":1761538171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jeehp.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3352\/jeehp.2025.22.12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"references-count":14,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3352\/jeehp.2025.22.12","relation":{},"ISSN":["1975-5937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1975-5937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}