{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:08:14Z","timestamp":1787026094305,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dis. Aquat. Org."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Thinlip mullet\n                    <jats:italic>Chelon ramada<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the most abundant mullet species found in the Comacchio lagoons (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy). Histological and ultrastructural sections of the intestine of\n                    <jats:italic>C. ramada<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed that over 83% of 48 mullets were infected with the intestinal parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Myxobolus mugchelo<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Myxozoa). In histological sections, plasmodia of\n                    <jats:italic>M. mugchelo<\/jats:italic>\n                    containing mature spores were situated closer to mucosal folds and were surrounded by numerous mast cells (MCs). Mature spores, generally oval in shape, were observed in the paracellular space among the enterocytes or within them. Near the infected epithelial cells, several MCs, rodlet cells and few neutrophils occurred. In intestinal epithelium, large cells resembling macrophages, some with spores of\n                    <jats:italic>M. mugchelo<\/jats:italic>\n                    inside, were observed. These macrophage-like cells were foamy and possessed elongate striated granules. The number of MCs and macrophages in the intestinal epithelium was significantly higher in parasitized fish. In some parasitized intestines, portions of epithelium were displaced by spores, or the spores were observed inside the damaged enterocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>C. ramada<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected or uninfected intestinal tissue revealed the presence of histamine, serotonin (5-HT), leu-enkephalin and inducible-nitric oxide synthase in epithelial macrophages. Several epithelial cells positive to proliferating cell-nuclear antigen were also observed in the proximity of the macrophages. The current study is the first to record the occurrence of intraepithelial macrophages which engulf myxozoan spores. A hypothesis on migration of spores from pancreas via intestinal wall to gut lumen is presented.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T05:14:31Z","timestamp":1581570871000},"page":"171-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Challenge for macrophages and mast cells of Chelon ramada to counter an intestinal microparasite, Myxobolus mugchelo (Myxozoa)"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"BS","family":"Dezfuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Castaldelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Tomaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Manera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JA","family":"DePasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Animal Sciences and Food Safety, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, St. Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Bosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphogenyx Inc, PO Box 717, East Northport, NY 11731, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1913","reference":[{"key":"Ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2007.09.004"},{"key":"Ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02202"},{"key":"Ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13903"},{"key":"Ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12751"},{"key":"Ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.1999.00193.x"},{"key":"Ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2012.01385.x"},{"key":"Ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castro R, Tafalla C (2015) Overview of fish immunity. In: Beck BH, Peatman E (eds) Mucosal health in aquaculture. Academic Press, London, p 3-54","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-417186-2.00002-9"},{"key":"Ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157339506775471893"},{"key":"Ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/azo.12184"},{"key":"Ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao058193"},{"key":"Ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-198"},{"key":"Ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.11.023"},{"key":"Ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0838-x"},{"key":"Ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.02.002"},{"key":"Ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013001789"},{"key":"Ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12765"},{"key":"Ref17","unstructured":"Feist SW, Longshaw M (2006) Phylum Myxozoa. In: Woo PTK (ed) Fish diseases and disorders: protozoan and metazoan infections, 2nd edn. CAB International, Wallingford, p 230-296"},{"key":"Ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.03.008"},{"key":"Ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.02.013"},{"key":"Ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grayfer L, Kerimoglu B, Yaparla A, Hodgkinson JW, Xie J, Belosevic M (2018) Mechanisms of fish macrophage antimicrobial immunity. Front Immunol 9:1105","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01105"},{"key":"Ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3HI0215-064R"},{"key":"Ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14558"},{"key":"Ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.61"},{"key":"Ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2006.001"},{"key":"Ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-1112.2004.00511.x"},{"key":"Ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.12160"},{"key":"Ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00181-2"},{"key":"Ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12710"},{"key":"Ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704535104"},{"key":"Ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.03.005"},{"key":"Ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5447-5"},{"key":"Ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.10.005"},{"key":"Ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2004.022"},{"key":"Ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2005.01.012"},{"key":"Ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.12.034"},{"key":"Ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12713"},{"key":"Ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3002-6"},{"key":"Ref38","unstructured":"Secombes CJ, Ellis AE (2012) The immunology of teleosts. In: Roberts RJ (ed) Fish pathology, 4th edn. Blackwell Publishing, Chichester, p 144-166"},{"key":"Ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao072241"},{"key":"Ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1768-322X.1995.tb00940.x"},{"key":"Ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.01.014"},{"key":"Ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao01846"},{"key":"Ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00152"},{"key":"Ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4031-5"},{"key":"Ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3148.1.3"}],"container-title":["Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/dao2020\/138\/d138p171.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T10:42:30Z","timestamp":1585219350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/abstracts\/dao\/v138\/p171-183\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao03459","relation":{},"ISSN":["0177-5103","1616-1580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0177-5103","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-1580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]}}}