{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T16:14:29Z","timestamp":1776269669144,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["int-res.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dis. Aquat. Org."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As grazers, sea urchins are keystone species in tropical marine ecosystems, and their loss can have important ecological ramifications. Die-offs of urchins are frequently described, but their causes are often unclear, in part because systematic examinations of animal tissues at gross and microscopic level are not done. In some areas, urchins are being employed to control invasive marine algae. Here, we describe the pathology of a mortality event in <jats:italic>Tripneustes gratilla<\/jats:italic> in Hawai`i where urchins were translocated to control invasive algae. Although we did not determine the cause of the mortality event, our investigation indicates that animals died from inflammation of the test and epidermal ulceration, followed by inability to maintain coelomic fluid volume, colonization of coelomic fluid by opportunists (diatom, algae), and inappetence. Parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses were not evident as a primary cause of death. Pathology was suggestive of a toxin or other environmental cause such as lack of food, possibilities that could be pursued in future investigations. These findings highlight the need for caution and additional tools to better assess health when translocating marine invertebrates to ensure maximal biosecurity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T10:57:15Z","timestamp":1670324235000},"page":"17-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mass mortality of collector urchins Tripneustes gratilla in Hawai`i"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"TM","family":"Work","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Dagenais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Rameyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Breeden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TM","family":"Weatherby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hawai`i, Pacific Biomedical Research Center, Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1913","reference":[{"key":"Ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62118-4"},{"key":"Ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps051189"},{"key":"Ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aquino CA, Besemer RM, DeRito CM, Kocian J and others (2021) Evidence that microorganisms at the animal-water interface drive sea star wasting disease. Front Microbiol 11:3278","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.610009"},{"key":"Ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013103928980"},{"key":"Ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12797"},{"key":"Ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao01821"},{"key":"Ref7","unstructured":"Birkeland C (1989) The influence of echinoderms on coral reef communities. In: Jangoux M, Lawrence JM (eds) Echinoderm Studies, Vol 3. Balkema, Rotterdam, p 1-79"},{"key":"Ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-009-0762-7"},{"key":"Ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-011-1063-5"},{"key":"Ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps10829"},{"key":"Ref11","unstructured":"Colon-Jones DE (1993) Size (age) factors controlling the distribution and population size of the white-spined sea urchin, Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamark, 1816). MSc thesis, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico"},{"key":"Ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1996.10020349.x"},{"key":"Ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2008.00086.x"},{"key":"Ref14","unstructured":"Ebert TA (1971) A preliminary quantitative survey of the echinoid fauna of Kealakekua and Honaunau Bays, Hawaii. Pac Sci 25:112-131"},{"key":"Ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970040405"},{"key":"Ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1542262"},{"key":"Ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78534-5"},{"key":"Ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1542025"},{"key":"Ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.31.3.639"},{"key":"Ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0485.2011.00491.x"},{"key":"Ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00347116"},{"key":"Ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00392754"},{"key":"Ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00353896"},{"key":"Ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-016-1134-8"},{"key":"Ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059199"},{"key":"Ref26","unstructured":"Karnovsky MJ (1965) A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 27:137A"},{"key":"Ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1937512"},{"key":"Ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02279124"},{"key":"Ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.576013"},{"key":"Ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1542806"},{"key":"Ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-122414-033857"},{"key":"Ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/eym032"},{"key":"Ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1999.4878"},{"key":"Ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2171053a0"},{"key":"Ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao038071"},{"key":"Ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00006308"},{"key":"Ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-305X(93)90047-T"},{"key":"Ref38","unstructured":"Prophet EB, Mills B, Arrington JB, Sobin LH (eds) (1992) Laboratory methods in histotechnology. American Registry of Pathology, Washington, DC"},{"key":"Ref39","unstructured":"R Core Team (2017) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"Ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao005051"},{"key":"Ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(83)90093-X"},{"key":"Ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2012.12.010"},{"key":"Ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00384786"},{"key":"Ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-396491-5.00026-5"},{"key":"Ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1994.1034"},{"key":"Ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003380000123"},{"key":"Ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps11750"},{"key":"Ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2331\/fishsci.64.6"},{"key":"Ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.34.4.347-350.1977"},{"key":"Ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venables WN, Ripley BD (2002) Modern applied statistics with S. Springer, New York, NY","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2"},{"key":"Ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2020.107526"},{"key":"Ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-396491-5.00012-5"},{"key":"Ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1235"},{"key":"Ref54","unstructured":"Williams EH Jr, Bunkley-williams L, Bruckner RJ, Bruckner AW, Ortiz-Corps AR, Bowden-Kerby WA, Colon-Jones DE (1996) Recurring mass mortalities of the white-spined sea urchin, Tripneustes ventricosus, (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Puerto Rico. Caribb J Sci 32:111-112"},{"key":"Ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-014-0931-1"},{"key":"Ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03533"},{"key":"Ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03598"},{"key":"Ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1541213"}],"container-title":["Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/dao_oa\/d153p017.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/dao_oa\/d153p017.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T12:46:13Z","timestamp":1675341973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/abstracts\/dao\/v153\/p17-29\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao03716","relation":{},"ISSN":["0177-5103","1616-1580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0177-5103","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-1580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}