{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:47:37Z","timestamp":1792709257840,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["int-res.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dis. Aquat. Org."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Between 2010 and 2014, an unusual mortality event (UME) involving bottlenose dolphins <jats:italic>Tursiops<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>truncatus<\/jats:italic> occurred in the northern Gulf of Mexico, associated with the <jats:italic>Deepwater<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>Horizon<\/jats:italic> oil spill (DWHOS). Cause of death (COD) patterns in bottlenose dolphins since then have not been analyzed, and baseline prevalence data for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>ceti<\/jats:italic> and cetacean morbillivirus, 2 pathogens previously reported in this region, are lacking. We analyzed records from bottlenose dolphins stranded in Alabama from 2015 to 2020 with necropsy and histological findings to determine COD (n = 108). This period included another UME in 2019 associated with prolonged freshwater exposure. A subset of individuals that stranded during this period were selected for molecular testing for <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Morbillivirus<\/jats:italic> spp. Causes of death for all age classes were grouped into 6 categories, including (1) human interaction, (2) infectious disease, (3) noninfectious disease (prolonged freshwater exposure and degenerative), (4) trauma, (5) multifactorial, and (6) unknown. Two additional categories unique to perinates included fetal distress and <jats:italic>in<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>utero<\/jats:italic> pneumonia. Human interaction was the most common primary COD (19.4%) followed closely by infectious disease (17.6%) and noninfectious disease (freshwater exposure; 13.9%). <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> was detected in 18.4% of the 98 animals tested, but morbillivirus was not detected in any of the 66 animals tested. <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> was detected in some moderately to severely decomposed carcasses, indicating that it may be beneficial to test a broad condition range of stranded animals. This study provides valuable information on COD in bottlenose dolphins in Alabama following the DWHOS and is the first to examine baseline prevalence of 2 common pathogens in stranded animals from this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T09:14:58Z","timestamp":1688980498000},"page":"87-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Causes of death and pathogen prevalence in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus stranded in Alabama, USA, between 2015 and 2020, following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"JCG","family":"Bloodgood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd., Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, USA"},{"name":"Stoke's School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, 600 Clinic Dr., Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA"},{"name":"Cornell Wildlife Health Lab, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Farrier Rd., Ithaca, New York 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AC","family":"Deming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Marine Mammal Center, 20612 Laguna Canyon Rd., Laguna Beach, California 92651, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KM","family":"Colegrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, 3300 Golf Rd., Brookfield, Illinois 60513, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ML","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd., Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"D\u00edaz Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd., Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RH","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd., Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528, USA"},{"name":"Stoke's School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, 600 Clinic Dr., Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1913","reference":[{"key":"Ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02558"},{"key":"Ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00444"},{"key":"Ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02146"},{"key":"Ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810388525"},{"key":"Ref5","unstructured":"Bossart GD, Meisner R, Varela R, Mazzoil M and others (2003) Pathologic findings in stranded Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. 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