{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T21:12:04Z","timestamp":1794431524689,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/journals\/terms-of-use\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["int-res.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dis. Aquat. Org."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Carcasses of endangered beluga whales\n                    <jats:italic>Delphinapterus leucas<\/jats:italic>\n                    from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada, have been examined consistently since 1983 to determine causes of death. The objective of this study is to compare the nutritional condition of belugas that died of different causes. Previously published categories of death were refined to discriminate acute from chronic pathological processes. Bayesian linear models were used to predict cause of death from the scaled mass index (SMI). Causes of death were as follows: \u2018bacterial diseases\u2019, \u2018verminous pneumonia\u2019, \u2018toxoplasmosis\u2019, \u2018other parasitic diseases\u2019, \u2018other infectious diseases\u2019, \u2018trauma\u2014entrapment\u2019, \u2018other noninfectious diseases\u2019, \u2018dystocia\u2014postpartum complications\u2019, \u2018neonatal mortality\u2019, \u2018cancer\u2019, \u2018primary starvation\u2019 and \u2018undetermined\u2019. The models predicted a lower nutritional condition for the \u2018neonatal mortality\u2019 in belugas &lt;290 cm in length and for \u2018primary starvation\u2019 and \u2018verminous pneumonia\u2019 categories for belugas \u2265290 cm. Belugas that died from \u2018dystocia\u2014postpartum complications\u2019 or from \u2018undetermined causes\u2019 had a higher-than-average SMI. Animals in the \u2018trauma\u2014entrapment\u2019 category did not exhibit the highest nutritional condition, which was unexpected since individuals that died from trauma or entrapment are often used as references for optimal nutritional condition in other cetacean populations. Females that died from dystocia and postpartum complications were in similar nutritional condition as females dead from other causes during, or shortly after, pregnancy. This suggests that these females are not obese, ruling out a possible cause of dystocia. Although studying dead animals biases results toward low nutritional condition, our findings support the link between chronic pathological processes and poorer nutritional condition in belugas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T08:18:34Z","timestamp":1722845914000},"page":"159-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Relationship between nutritional condition and causes of death in beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas from the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, Canada"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Larrat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant in Wildlife Health Veterinarian, 920 Guernic, 56330 Pluvigner, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Lesage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Mont-Joli, 850 Rte de la Mer, Mont-Joli, QC G5H 3Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Michaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de recherche et d\u2019\u00e9ducation sur les mammif\u00e8res marins, 108, de la Cale-S\u00e8che, Tadoussac, QC G0T 2A0, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Lair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois sur la sante\u0301 des animaux sauvages \/ Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, St. Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"Ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02558"},{"key":"Ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.02.005"},{"key":"Ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.10.015"},{"key":"Ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05957"},{"key":"Ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110272"},{"key":"Ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156635"},{"key":"Ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v076.i01"},{"key":"Ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6301"},{"key":"Ref9","unstructured":"COSEWIC (2014) COSEWIC assessment and status report on the beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, St. Lawrence Estuary population in Canada. 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