{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T16:47:20Z","timestamp":1746809240635,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/journals\/terms-of-use\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["int-res.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dis. Aquat. Org."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Piscinoodinium<\/jats:italic> is a well-known parasitic dinoflagellate genus that causes epizootics in tropical freshwater fish. This study investigated the first outbreak of <jats:italic>Piscinoodinium<\/jats:italic> sp. in freshwater fish of the Andaman Islands, India. The infection was noticed in the non-native fish <jats:italic>Betta splendens<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Poecilia reticulata<\/jats:italic>, and in the endemic killifish <jats:italic>Aplocheilus andamanicus<\/jats:italic>. The infection caused mass mortality in larval, sub-adult, and adult fish. The parasite was identified based on microscopy and molecular characterization. The prevalence, parasite density, and mortality percentage were recorded. Infected fish had numerous trophonts attached on the body surface, gills, fins, and eyes. Infected skin and gills showed degeneration of the epithelial cells and clubbed gills. Small subunit rDNA (955 bp) was amplified from the <jats:italic>Piscinoodinium<\/jats:italic> sp. infecting <jats:italic>B. splendens<\/jats:italic>, revealing genetic differences between it and <jats:italic>Piscinoodinium<\/jats:italic> spp. from the USA and from India.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T09:52:30Z","timestamp":1726739550000},"page":"19-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of Piscinoodinium sp. associated with epizootics and mortality in non-native and endemic freshwater fish of the Andaman Islands, India"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Praveenraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Uma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri 601204, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Ahilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri 601204, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Gopalakannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sikkal, Nagapattinam 611108, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Manikandavelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri 601204, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Kiruba-Sankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"Ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"Ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012263951-7\/50022-3"},{"key":"Ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284227"},{"key":"Ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao033043"},{"key":"Ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20170680"},{"key":"Ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281"},{"key":"Ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3223281"},{"key":"Ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285"},{"key":"Ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3153\/jfscom.2013012"},{"key":"Ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301"},{"key":"Ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3585.1"},{"key":"Ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12365"},{"key":"Ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1983.tb00096.x"},{"key":"Ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1519-69842001000400013"},{"key":"Ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"Ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118786758"},{"key":"Ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00995663"},{"key":"Ref18","unstructured":"Ramesh KS, Mohan CV, Shankar KM, Ahmed I (2002) Piscinoodinium sp. infection in juveniles of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), mahseer (Tor khudree) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). 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