{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T16:02:08Z","timestamp":1746806528971,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["int-res.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dis. Aquat. Org."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The invasive species <jats:italic>Anguillicola crassus<\/jats:italic> is a nematode that infects the swimbladders of anguillid eels. Heavy, repeated infections cause the swimbladder to become thickened and scarred, which can alter swimbladder gas volume, increase energy demands of buoyancy regulation, and influence normal function. Silver-phase (sexually maturing) eels migrate up to thousands of kilometers to the Sargasso Sea to reproduce, and increased energetic requirements may be detrimental to migration and breeding success. Currently, the best practice to confirm <jats:italic>A. crassus<\/jats:italic> infection is to dissect an eel and examine the swimbladder. We used a portable digital X-ray system to determine the presence of <jats:italic>A. crassus<\/jats:italic> in American eels <jats:italic>Anguilla rostrata<\/jats:italic>. Silver-phase eels were anesthetized and radiographed. Post-imaging, individuals were dissected to compare the contents of the swimbladder to the radiographs. Infections appeared opaque on radiographs. Results showed no false positives and an accuracy of 74.8%. Out of 193 X-rayed eels, 107 contained parasites; 27 infections were undetectable on radiographs (false negatives). Detection was influenced by the intensity, size, and location of parasites within the swimbladder. This digital X-ray method is a quick and non-lethal process that could be incorporated into existing monitoring programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T09:58:28Z","timestamp":1740650308000},"page":"87-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-lethal detection of the invasive American eel parasite Anguillicola crassus"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"DR","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA"},{"name":"Sea Research Foundation, Inc. d\/b\/a Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"Ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[1366:TSNACI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"Ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao034155"},{"key":"Ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao008077"},{"key":"Ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182021002146"},{"key":"Ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03632415.2014.979342"},{"key":"Ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1996)125<0794:NOOCAE>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"Ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12383"},{"key":"Ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsv097"},{"key":"Ref9","unstructured":"Johnson SK, Fries LT, Williams J, Huffmann DG (1995) Presence of the parasitic swim bladder nematode, Anguillicola crassus, in Texas aquaculture. World Aquac 26:35-36"},{"key":"Ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07100-3"},{"key":"Ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05588.x"},{"key":"Ref12","unstructured":"Kuwahara A, Niimi A, Itagaki H (1974) Studies on a nematode parasitic in the air bladder of the eel. I. Description of Anguillicola crassa n. sp. (Philometridea, Anguillicoloidae). Jpn J Parasitol 23:275-279"},{"key":"Ref13","unstructured":"Lavoie DR (2021) Non-lethal detection, temperature tolerance, and growth rate of the invasive swimbladder parasite Anguillicola crassus in American eels (Anguilla rostrata). MSc thesis, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA"},{"key":"Ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3281335"},{"key":"Ref15","unstructured":"Moln\u00e1r K, Sz\u00e9kely C, Perenyi M (1994) Dynamics of Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) infection in eels of Lake Balaton, Hungary. Folia Parasitol 41:193-202"},{"key":"Ref16","unstructured":"R Core Team (2021) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"Ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/H06-009.1"},{"key":"Ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao058157"},{"key":"Ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao064053"},{"key":"Ref20","unstructured":"Threader R, Blimke L, Groman D (2010) \u2018Taking stock in stocking\u2019\u2014Stocking of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in the upper St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario - 2006-2009. Ontario Power Generation, Renfrew"},{"key":"Ref21","unstructured":"Verdon R, Desrochers D (2003) Upstream migratory movements of American eel Anguilla rostrata between the Beauharnois and Moses-Saunders power dams on the St. Lawrence River. Am Fish Soc Symp 33:139-151"},{"key":"Ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"Ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao039121"},{"key":"Ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200008481X"}],"container-title":["Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/dao_oa\/d161p087.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/dao_oa\/d161p087.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T10:37:39Z","timestamp":1742467059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/abstracts\/dao\/v161\/p87-93\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao03849","relation":{},"ISSN":["0177-5103","1616-1580"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0177-5103"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1616-1580"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}