{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:08:20Z","timestamp":1774570100500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["int-res.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dis. Aquat. Org."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Judicious use of antimicrobials in aquaculture requires reliable antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of bacterial pathogens for resistance surveillance and for advising therapy decisions. To improve AST of aquatic bacterial pathogens such as\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) has standardized methods specific to testing isolates collected from fish and other aquatic animals. However, no criteria, called epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs), exist yet to interpret results when testing\n                    <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    with these standard methods. Microbiologists use ECVs to determine whether an isolate has decreased susceptibility to an antimicrobial relative to other isolates of the same bacterium. In this study, we generated minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) data using 3 independent laboratories that tested 76 isolates with the CLSI standard broth microdilution method at 28\u00b0C for 24-28 h against 9 antimicrobials. The resulting MIC data for 6 of the antimicrobials listed below was combined with previously published data (Smith et al. 2023;\n                    <jats:italic>Dis Aquat Org<\/jats:italic>\n                    155:35-42) and analyzed with the programs Normalized Resistance Interpretation (NRI) and ECOFFinder to calculate potential ECVs. In collaboration with CLSI\u2019s Working Group on Aquatic Animals, the potential ECVs were proposed to CLSI\u2019s Subcommittee on Veterinary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, which voted to accept the values. These new ECVs will be included in the next edition of the VET04 supplement. The approved ECVs for enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole are \u22641, \u22642, \u22644, \u22641, \u22641, and \u22640.5\/9.5 \u00b5g ml\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively. These new interpretive criteria will improve international harmonization regarding monitoring efforts on antimicrobial susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic>V. harveyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T12:17:23Z","timestamp":1764591443000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Approved consensus-driven epidemiological cutoff values for standard broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing of aquatic Vibrio harveyi isolates"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Charles M.","family":"Gieseker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Destini","family":"Coiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor L.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayleigh A.","family":"Carranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Becca M.","family":"Wolking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biyun","family":"Ching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1020-2113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun Heng","family":"Soh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1335-2148","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chee Wai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You Rong","family":"Chng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9178-3068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tina C.","family":"Crosby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5912-6463","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elliott C.","family":"Kittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon E.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Errol A.","family":"Strain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"Ref1","unstructured":"Andrews S (2010) FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/"},{"key":"Ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2006.01989.x"},{"key":"Ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"Ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"Ref5","unstructured":"CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) (2016) Methods for antimicrobial dilution and disk susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria, 3rd edn. CLSI guideline M45. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA"},{"key":"Ref6","unstructured":"CLSI (2020) Methods for antimicrobial broth dilution and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from aquatic animals, 2nd edn. CLSI guideline VET03. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA"},{"key":"Ref7","unstructured":"CLSI (2020) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from aquatic animals, 3rd edn. CLSI supplement VET04. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA"},{"key":"Ref8","unstructured":"CLSI (2024) January CLSI meeting agenda summary minutes. Presented at CLSI Subcommittee on Veterinary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Meeting, January 2024, Tempe, AZ"},{"key":"Ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2017.05.004"},{"key":"Ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13197"},{"key":"Ref11","unstructured":"EUCAST (European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) (2021) SOP 10.2 MIC distributions and the setting of epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values. https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/eucast\/pdf\/eucast_SOPs\/SOP_10\/EUCAST_SOP_10.2_MIC_distributions_and_epidemiological_cut-off_value__ECOFF__setting_20250512.pdf (accessed 3 Aug 2022)"},{"key":"Ref12","unstructured":"FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2019) Working together to fight antimicrobial resistance in South America. Antimicrobial Resistance, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. www.fao.org\/antimicrobial-resistance\/projects\/ongoing\/project-7\/en\/ (accessed 21 Jun 2024)"},{"key":"Ref13","unstructured":"FAO (2022) Working together to fight antimicrobial resistance in Asia and the Pacific. Antimicrobial Resistance, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. www.fao.org\/antimicrobial-resistance\/projects\/ongoing\/project-11\/en\/ (accessed 21 Jun 2024)"},{"key":"Ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad235"},{"key":"Ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9"},{"key":"Ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1907-8"},{"key":"Ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00358-2"},{"key":"Ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-011-0128-z"},{"key":"Ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(94)00374-W"},{"key":"Ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao032151"},{"key":"Ref21","unstructured":"Seemann T (2016) MLST: scan contig files against PubMLST typing schemes."},{"key":"Ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48045\/001c.38713"},{"key":"Ref23","unstructured":"Smith P, Egan S (2018) Standard protocols for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Vibrionaceae isolated from aquatic animals. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 38:160-164"},{"key":"Ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.02.020"},{"key":"Ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03740"},{"key":"Ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1540-z"},{"key":"Ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.740839"},{"key":"Ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21356"},{"key":"Ref29","unstructured":"WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health) (2024) Aquatic Animal Health Code: Chapter 6.4 Development and harmonisation of national antimicrobial resistance surveillance and monitoring programmes for aquatic animals. https:\/\/doc.woah.org\/dyn\/portal\/index.xhtml?page=alo&aloId=43922 (accessed 24 June 2024)"},{"key":"Ref30","unstructured":"WOAH (2024) Antimicrobial resistance. https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/global-initiatives\/antimicrobial-resistance\/ (accessed 17 June 2024)"},{"key":"Ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-3-r46"},{"key":"Ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0"},{"key":"Ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-016-5163-0"},{"key":"Ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42995-020-00037-z"},{"key":"Ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12758"},{"key":"Ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.740439"}],"container-title":["Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/dao_oa\/dao03901.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/dao_oa\/dao03901.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:55:46Z","timestamp":1770897346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/abstracts\/dao\/v165\/dao03901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/dao03901","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0177-5103","1616-1580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0177-5103","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-1580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}