{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:27:52Z","timestamp":1790566072492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/for-librarians\/reader-subscriber-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["int-res.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dis. Aquat. Org."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Probiotics are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics in aquaculture. This study evaluated the viability and disease-mitigating potential of the candidate probiotic\n                    <jats:italic>Lelliotia amnigena<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain C6-6 in rainbow trout\n                    <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Viability was assessed under varying storage temperatures (-15, 4, and 17\u00b0C), time intervals (up to 24 wk), and feed preparation methods. Results showed that colder storage, particularly at -15\u00b0C, preserved higher concentrations of C6-6, while viability rapidly declined at 17\u00b0C. The viability of C6-6 over time was enhanced in feeds prepared without oil.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    assays demonstrated that C6-6 inhibited the growth of 3 species of columnaris-causing bacteria, namely\n                    <jats:italic>Flavobacterium columnare<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>F. covae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>F. davisii<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , trout fed C6-6 showed significantly reduced mortality (14%) compared to controls (26%) following\n                    <jats:italic>F. columnare<\/jats:italic>\n                    challenge, and C6-6 was reisolated from the gastrointestinal tract of treated fish. These findings highlight C6-6 as a promising probiotic with strong antagonistic activity and stable viability under proper storage, supporting its potential use in disease management strategies for coldwater aquaculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T16:38:40Z","timestamp":1773765520000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Viability of probiotic C6-6 in fish feed and ability to inhibit columnaris-causing bacteria in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2175-8211","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-5108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin R","family":"LaFrentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelby","family":"Swearingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9488-0461","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Cain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"Ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.03.014"},{"key":"Ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.09.002"},{"key":"Ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2013.03.005"},{"key":"Ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(00)00310-0"},{"key":"Ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7120613"},{"key":"Ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.09.004"},{"key":"Ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2012.01432.x"},{"key":"Ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc13b01s6"},{"key":"Ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2010.07.017"},{"key":"Ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13199-018-0580-1"},{"key":"Ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2000.00242.x"},{"key":"Ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.06.017"},{"key":"Ref13","unstructured":"FAO, WHO (2001) Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. 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