{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T08:49:05Z","timestamp":1782982145678,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/for-librarians\/reader-subscriber-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["int-res.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dis. Aquat. Org."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The parasitic dinoflagellate\n                    <jats:italic>Hematodinium perezi<\/jats:italic>\n                    is known to harm and kill marine crustaceans worldwide. It is unclear, however, how the phenology of host infections differs from that of in-water life stages of\n                    <jats:italic>H. perezi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and how these cycles may vary regionally. Across the US East Coast, including in South Carolina (SC),\n                    <jats:italic>H. perezi<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a parasite of the economically important Atlantic blue crab\n                    <jats:italic>Callinectes sapidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The aim of this study was to determine and compare the seasonal presence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. perezi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>C. sapidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and benthic water of the Charleston Harbor estuary, SC, USA, using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Hemolymph of 322 blue crabs was sampled over 21 mo beginning in September 2022, with concurrent benthic water eDNA sampling beginning in April 2023. DNA from\n                    <jats:italic>H. perezi<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in a total of 11 blue crab samples collected in the spring, fall, and winter of 2023. Positive environmental detections of DNA occurred every sampling season, including when\n                    <jats:italic>H. perezi<\/jats:italic>\n                    was reported absent in\n                    <jats:italic>C. sapidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Although other unknown factors likely contributed to the observed prevalence, our results suggest a seasonal pattern of the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. perezi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the estuary largely driven by both water temperature and salinity. Altogether, our findings provide foundational information on the phenology of this parasite, critical for understanding disease dynamics in blue crabs in the southeast USA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:43:38Z","timestamp":1777895018000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seasonal patterns of Hematodinium perezi differ between blue crab host and environmental DNA in a South Carolina estuary"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Hannah Grace","family":"Korper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Kendrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1659-4484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gregory K.","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5560-3325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isaure","family":"de Buron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lengxob","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"Ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-08067-z"},{"key":"Ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.06.013"},{"key":"Ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao01925"},{"key":"Ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284227"},{"key":"Ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2023.107918"},{"key":"Ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.70281"},{"key":"Ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2971.1"},{"key":"Ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2024.105307"},{"key":"Ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3727-x"},{"key":"Ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2983\/035.038.0101"},{"key":"Ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao022115"},{"key":"Ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2005.11.002"},{"key":"Ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02841"},{"key":"Ref14","unstructured":"Goodwin KD, Weise M, Meyer C, Edmondson M and others (2024) National aquatic environmental DNA strategy. 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South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Division, Charleston, SC"},{"key":"Ref38","unstructured":"Sheppard M, Walker A, Frischer M, Lee R (2003) Histopathology and prevalence of the parasitic dinoflagellate, Hematodinium sp, in crabs (Callinectes sapidus, Callinectes similis, Neopanope sayi, Libinia emarginata, Menippe mercenaria) from a Georgia estuary. J Shellfish Res 22:873-880"},{"key":"Ref39","unstructured":"Shields JD, Squyars CM (2000) Mortality and hematology of blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, experimentally infected with the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium perezi. 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