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Org."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ectoparasite <jats:italic>Amyloodinium ocellatum<\/jats:italic> is a dinoflagellate that causes severe morbidity and mortality in both brackish and marine warmwater aquaculture fishes worldwide. <jats:italic>A. ocellatum<\/jats:italic> has a triphasic life cycle based on a free-living flagellate (the dinospore), a parasitic stage (the trophont) and a resting and reproductive cyst (the tomont). Current chemical treatments have shown some efficacy in eliminating dinospores but fail to inactivate the tomonts. Here we evaluated the efficacy of alternative treatments <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> through sporulation tests and the quantification of dinospore production and motility. Hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid efficiently decreased dinospore production at low concentrations, but total inactivation of tomonts was only achieved with higher dosages. Tomont inactivation was also observed with disinfectants such as sodium hypochlorite and Virkon S. This work provides insights into effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for the elimination of resistant forms of the marine parasite <jats:italic>A. ocellatum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T14:36:00Z","timestamp":1722868560000},"page":"183-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inactivation in vitro of the marine parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S2AQUA\u2014Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Laiz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S2AQUA\u2014Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"CCMAR\u2014Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Louren\u00e7o-Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S2AQUA\u2014Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"IPMA\u2014Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO\u2014Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Barata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA\u2014Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO\u2014Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Pous\u00e3o-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S2AQUA\u2014Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"IPMA\u2014Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO\u2014Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s\/n, 8700-194 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S2AQUA\u2014Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. 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