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Much less clear is whether mobulids obtain any benefits or even if this symbiosis impacts them. These ecological interactions have only been addressed for some species (e.g. sharks, cetaceans and turtles) but not yet for the sicklefin devil ray <jats:italic>Mobula tarapacana<\/jats:italic>. To understand the remora\u2019s attachment body site preferences, the hydrodynamic influence on the site selection and the drag cost of transport to the host, the remora-devil ray association was investigated in the Azores archipelago (Portugal) by combining <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> surveys with animal-borne video monitoring and 3-dimensional fluid modelling analyses. Our study identifies the common remora <jats:italic>Remora remora<\/jats:italic> as the main symbiont of adult sicklefin devil rays and describes the number of remoras per host, their size structure and preferred attachment position, plus the hydrodynamic cost to the devil rays. We found that individual sicklefin devil rays usually carry 2 to 3 remoras (including large to small remoras), and remoras choose to attach to the head and tail of the sicklefin devil rays, to benefit from minimised drag. Our results also highlight that the overall drag resulting from the transportation of remoras is a relatively low hydrodynamic burden to the sicklefin devil rays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T11:31:10Z","timestamp":1731411070000},"page":"117-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ecological aspects and hydrodynamics of hitchhiking remoras Remora spp. associated with sicklefin devil rays Mobula tarapacana"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"752","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Castellano-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OKEANOS Institute of Marine Sciences, University of the Azores, Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado St., 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal"}]},{"given":"BCL","family":"Macena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OKEANOS Institute of Marine Sciences, University of the Azores, Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado St., 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto do Mar (IMAR), Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado St., 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Bartolomeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Engineering and Product Development (CEiiA), D. Afonso Henriques Ave., 1825, 4450-017 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Engineering and Product Development (CEiiA), D. Afonso Henriques Ave., 1825, 4450-017 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OKEANOS Institute of Marine Sciences, University of the Azores, Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado St., 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto do Mar (IMAR), Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado St., 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal"}]},{"given":"JMR","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OKEANOS Institute of Marine Sciences, University of the Azores, Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado St., 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"Ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amin R, Ritter E, Kulldorff M, Barbas A, Schwarzmeier M (2016) Sharksuckers, Echeneis naucrates, are non-randomly attached to the bodies of lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris: a spatial study. 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