{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:24:31Z","timestamp":1777663471670,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["int-res.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nursery habitats are important to many fish populations, as they provide optimal conditions for the survival and growth of juveniles. Protection of these habitats can be critical to the conservation of endangered fish species. We investigate prospective essential habitats for early life stages of smooth hammerhead <jats:italic>Sphyrna zygaena<\/jats:italic> and tope <jats:italic>Galeorhinus galeus<\/jats:italic>, 2 highly migratory and endangered shark species. The study focusses on an oceanic island in the Azores archipelago, North Atlantic, where a nursery area for 2 to 4 yr old smooth hammerhead has been recently described. Baited remote underwater video systems and scientific longline fishing were used to sample across a depth range of 30-135 m on the island shelf. Young-of-the-year sharks were identified based on body size measurements. A primary smooth hammerhead nursery area was found to exist within the larger nursery site. Smooth hammerhead individuals of different sizes were segregated spatially, suggesting an ontogenetic shift in habitat use. By contrast, tope were not confined to the nursery area but seemed to use the entire island shelf as an essential habitat. Juvenile tope had a balanced sex ratio, while mature individuals were predominantly females. This study provides a first description of habitat use of natal smooth hammerhead and juvenile tope around an oceanic island in the mid-Atlantic. The results highlight that Faial Island is an essential habitat for critical life history stages of both species, suggesting that the Azores Archipelago might have a more important role for the North Atlantic populations of these sharks than previously thought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T05:21:29Z","timestamp":1748236889000},"page":"73-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nearshore essential habitat of threatened sharks around a temperate oceanic island"],"prefix":"10.3354","volume":"766","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8730-6456","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diya","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6127-7319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Priester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8089-0587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joana","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5010-8560","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruno","family":"Macena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8451-5532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jorge","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"Ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afonso P, Fontes J, Giacomello E, Magalh\u00e3es MC and others (2020) The Azores: a mid-Atlantic hotspot for marine megafauna research and conservation. Front Mar Sci 6:826","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00826"},{"key":"Ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afonso P, Gandra M, Gra\u00e7a G, Macena B, Vandeperre F, Fontes J (2022) The multi-annual residency of juvenile smooth hammerhead shark in an oceanic island nursery. Front Mar Sci 9:844893","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.844893"},{"key":"Ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1082049"},{"key":"Ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10236244.2018.1517018"},{"key":"Ref5","unstructured":"Bass A (1978) Problems in studies of sharks in the southwest Indian Ocean. In: Hodgson ES, Mathewson RF (eds) Sensory biology of sharks, skates, and rays. Office of Naval Research Department of The Navy, Arlington, VA, p 545-594"},{"key":"Ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2001)051[0633:TICAMO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"Ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184481"},{"key":"Ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.13781"},{"key":"Ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00037"},{"key":"Ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camaclang AE, Maron M, Martin TG, Possingham HP (2014) Current practices in the identification of critical habitat for threatened species. Conserv Biol 29:482-492","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12428"},{"key":"Ref11","unstructured":"Capap\u00e9 C, Ben Souissi J, M\u00e9jri H, Gu\u00e9lorget O, Hemida F (2005) The reproductive biology of the school shark, Galeorhinus galeus Linnaeus 1758 (Chondrichthyes: Triakidae), from the Maghreb shore (southern Mediterranean). Acta Adriat 46:109-124"},{"key":"Ref12","unstructured":"Castro JI, Woodley CM, Brudek RL (1992) A preliminary evaluation of the status of shark species. FAO Fish Tech Pap 380. FAO, Rome"},{"key":"Ref13","unstructured":"Compagno LJV (1984) FAO species catalogue, Vol 4, Part 2. Sharks of the world. FAO, Rome"},{"key":"Ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/alr\/2009044"},{"key":"Ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Currey-Randall LM, Cappo M, Simpfendorfer CA, Farabaugh NF, Heupel MR (2020) Optimal soak times for baited remote underwater video station surveys of reef-associated elasmobranchs. PLOS ONE 15:e0231688","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231688"},{"key":"Ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps312291"},{"key":"Ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00354"},{"key":"Ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das D, Gonzalez-Irusta JM, Morato T, Fauconnet L and others (2022) Distribution models of deep-sea elasmobranchs in the Azores, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, to inform spatial planning. Deep Sea Res I Oceanogr Res Pap 182:103707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2022.103707"},{"key":"Ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2011.600291"},{"key":"Ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doty MS, Oguri M (1956) The island mass effect. ICES J Mar Sci 22:33-37","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/22.1.33"},{"key":"Ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps312211"},{"key":"Ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.12830"},{"key":"Ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebert DA, Dando M, Fowler S (2021) Sharks of the world: a complete guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691210872"},{"key":"Ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315418000474"},{"key":"Ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.13949"},{"key":"Ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.3629"},{"key":"Ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13441"},{"key":"Ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00288330.2016.1171244"},{"key":"Ref29","unstructured":"GAMPA (Grupo de Acompanhamento da Monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o da Pescaria Artesanal) (2020) Coastal fisheries resources of the Azores: an x-ray. Technical Report 1.1 of the MoniCO Program. Regional Government of the Azores, the IMAR Institute of Marine Research, and the Okeanos Research Centre, Horta"},{"key":"Ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-005-0201-4"},{"key":"Ref31","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Pestana A (2019) Habitat suitability of juvenile smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) off northern Peru. MSc thesis, James Cook University, Townsville"},{"key":"Ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7755\/FB.115.4.2"},{"key":"Ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.01.110170.001403"},{"key":"Ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-7836(03)00080-8"},{"key":"Ref35","unstructured":"Heithaus MR (2007) Nursery areas as essential shark habitats: a theoretical perspective. Am Fish Soc Symp 50:3-13"},{"key":"Ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps337287"},{"key":"Ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MF18081"},{"key":"Ref38","unstructured":"Hoenig JM (1990) Life-history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications for fisheries management. NOAA Tech Rep 90"},{"key":"Ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MF9920061"},{"key":"Ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.968853"},{"key":"Ref41","unstructured":"Johansson C, Stowar M, Cappo M (2008) The use of stereo BRUVS for measuring fish size. Report to the Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility. Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns"},{"key":"Ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-013-2375-5"},{"key":"Ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00310214"},{"key":"Ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2019.1695058"},{"key":"#cr-split#-Ref45.1","unstructured":"Lafon V, Jose F, Tempera F, Macedo L, Martins A, Santos RS, Bates R (2005) Summertime morphodynamics of two beaches presenting different wave exposure-Faial Island, Azores, Portugal. In: S\u00e1nchez-Arcilla A"},{"key":"#cr-split#-Ref45.2","unstructured":"(ed) Coastal dynamics 2005: state of the practice. Proc 5th Int Coastal Dynamics Conference, 4-8 April 2005, Barcelona. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, p 1-14"},{"key":"Ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13470"},{"key":"Ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12645"},{"key":"Ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-015-2616-x"},{"key":"Ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mio.2013.11.003"},{"key":"Ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2015.02.013"},{"key":"Ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.566364"},{"key":"Ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14360"},{"key":"Ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004505401547"},{"key":"Ref54","unstructured":"Manly BF, McDonald LL, Thomas DL, McDonald TL, Erickson WP (2004) Resource selection by animals: statistical design and analysis for field studies, 2nd edn. Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, NY"},{"key":"Ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12545"},{"key":"Ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsv079"},{"key":"Ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsy181"},{"key":"Ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coab017"},{"key":"Ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13848"},{"key":"Ref60","unstructured":"Oxoli D, Prestifilippo G, Bertocchi D (2017) Enabling spatial autocorrelation mapping in QGIS: the hotspot analysis plugin. GEAM. Geoing Ambient E Mineraria 151(2):45-50"},{"key":"Ref61","unstructured":"Peres MB, Vooren CM (1991) Sexual development, reproductive cycle, and fecundity of the school shark Galeorhinus galeus off southern Brazil. Fish Bull 89:655-667"},{"key":"Ref62","unstructured":"Posit team (2023) RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R (version 2023.06.0+421) [Computer software]. Posit Software, PBC, Boston, MA."},{"key":"Ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14487"},{"key":"Ref64","unstructured":"QGIS.org (2025) QGIS Geographic Information System (version v.3.34.0). [Computer software] QGIS Association. http:\/\/www.qgis.org"},{"key":"Ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2010.04.008"},{"key":"Ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GC003987"},{"key":"Ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GC005733"},{"key":"Ref68","unstructured":"R Core Team (2024) R: A language and environment for statistical computing (version 4.3.2) [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna."},{"key":"Ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39388A2921825.en"},{"key":"Ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0233-1"},{"key":"Ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2016.1267366"},{"key":"Ref72","unstructured":"Rosenberg A, Bigford TE, Leathery S, Hill RL, Bickers K (2000) Ecosystem approaches to fishery management through essential fish habitat. Bull Mar Sci 66:535-542"},{"key":"Ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4257\/oeco.2021.2501.15"},{"key":"Ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2013.12.009"},{"key":"Ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198664"},{"key":"Ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05989-z"},{"key":"Ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-014-9846-x"},{"key":"Ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/025776191784287808"},{"key":"Ref79","unstructured":"Soares JH (2021) Conhecimento Ecol\u00f3gico Local de Elasmobr\u00e2nquios Costeiros no Arquip\u00e9lago dos A\u00e7ores. MSc thesis, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, Horta"},{"key":"Ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2012.12.013"},{"key":"Ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2019.00353"},{"key":"Ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2016.07.027"},{"key":"Ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2021.106156"},{"key":"Ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10321"},{"key":"Ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4230"},{"key":"Ref86","unstructured":"Walker TI (1999) Galeorhinus galeus fisheries of the world. In: Shotton R (ed) Case studies of the management of elasmobranch fisheries. Paper No. 378, part 2. FAO, Rome, p 480-920"},{"key":"Ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39352A2907336.en"}],"container-title":["Marine Ecology Progress Series"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/meps_oa\/m766p073.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/articles\/meps_oa\/m766p073.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T10:57:58Z","timestamp":1754564278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.int-res.com\/abstracts\/meps\/v766\/meps14897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"references-count":88,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps14897","archive":["CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-8630","1616-1599"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-8630","type":"print"},{"value":"1616-1599","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}