{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T10:35:05Z","timestamp":1747218905581,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Belitung Raya Foundation","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":[""],"award-info":[{"award-number":[""]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["belitungraya.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Belitung Nurs J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Passive smoking poses a threat to the well-being of an unborn baby; however, women\u2019s understanding and practice in this regard remain unclear.\nObjective: This study aimed to describe prenatal passive smoking at home based on the experiences of women in Thailand.\nMethods: A qualitative descriptive approach was employed. Data were collected between September 2020 and April 2022 through semi-structuredin-depth interviews with 16 postpartum women purposively selected from five hospitals. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis.\nResults: Three themes emerged. The first theme, \u2018safeguard for an unborn baby,\u2019 was performed through smoking reduction, far distance, abstinence from smoke\/odor inhalation, and residual elimination since harm was highly aware. However, justifying safety from the absence of smoke and foul odor was misperceived. The second theme, \u2018intervention for smoking cessation,\u2019 was attempted through various methods, including acquired empathy, persuasion, compromise, and supportiveness. They also needed family\/friend assistance in warning and professional care in terms of advice, health education, learning materials, cessation therapy, care continuation, and dealing with complex situations. The last theme, \u2018maternal perseverance,\u2019 was acquired by the motives of safety goals, rights\/responsibilities, changeable norms, and a golden period.\nConclusion: Pregnant women persistently aimed to prevent their husbands from smoking and safeguard their unborn babies from passive smoking. However, misunderstandings and improper practices were observed. Healthcare and nursing services need comprehensive approaches to enhance understanding, perseverance, and tailored practices catering to women\u2019s needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33546\/bnj.3014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T23:37:19Z","timestamp":1709077039000},"page":"48-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33546\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prenatal passive smoking at home: The experiences of women in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.33546","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1712-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idchayar","family":"Mornsaeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-613X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasara","family":"Sripichyakan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5795-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nantaporn","family":"Sansiriphun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0966-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nonglak","family":"Chaloumsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"19163","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"86157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Baker, N. N., Al Diabat, L. A., & Alnuaimi, K. (2022). The effect of health education on second-hand smoke knowledge and exposure among pregnant women in Jordan: A quasi-experimental study. Heliyon, 8(9), e10647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10647"},{"key":"86158","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. (2023). Health risks of secondhand smoke. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/healthy\/stay-away-from-tobacco\/health-risks-of-tobacco\/secondhand-smoke.html"},{"key":"86159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Artzi-Medvedik, R., Mohamed, N., & Chertok, I. R. A. (2022). Pregnant women's perception of secondhand smoke exposure. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal\/Child Nursing, 47(6), 353-358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000863","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000863"},{"key":"86160","unstructured":"Asri, I. A. M., Abd Rani, N. A., Dzulkifli, Z., Jamil, M. I. M., Saman, M. S. A., & Yasin, S. M. (2017). Perspective of a smoke-free home among second-hand smokers during pregnancy: A qualitative study. Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 25, 191-204."},{"key":"86161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayuningtyas, D. A., Tuinman, M., Prabandari, Y. S., & Hagedoorn, M. (2021a). Smoking-related social control in Indonesian single-smoker couples. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 28, 455-465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12529-020-09935-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-020-09935-z"},{"key":"86162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayuningtyas, D. A., Tuinman, M. A., Prabandari, Y. S., & Hagedoorn, M. (2021b). Smoking cessation experience in Indonesia: Does the non-smoking wife play a role? Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 618182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.618182","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.618182"},{"key":"86163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernardini, L., Barbosa, E., Char\u00e3o, M. F., & Brucker, N. (2022). Formaldehyde toxicity reports from in vitro and in vivo studies: A review and updated data. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 45(3), 972-984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01480545.2020.1795190","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2020.1795190"},{"key":"86164","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022a). Health problems caused by secondhand smoke. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/secondhand-smoke\/health.html#"},{"key":"86165","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022b). Secondhand smoke. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/secondhand-smoke\/index.html"},{"key":"86166","unstructured":"Cunningham, F. G., Leveno, K. J., Dashe, J. S., Hoffman, B. L., Spong, C. Y., & Casey, B. M. (2022). Williams obstetrics (26th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical."},{"key":"86167","unstructured":"Department of Health and Aged Care Australia. (2019). About passive smoking. https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/topics\/smoking-and-tobacco\/about-smoking-and-tobacco\/about-passive-smoking"},{"key":"86168","unstructured":"Eldridge, L. (2023). Definition and dangers of passive smoking. https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/information-about-passive-smoking-2249146"},{"key":"86169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faseru, B., Richter, K. P., Scheuermann, T. S., & Park, E. W. (2018). Enhancing partner support to improve smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(8), CD002928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002928.pub4","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002928.pub4"},{"key":"86170","unstructured":"Holloway, I., & Galvin, K. (2017). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare (4th ed.). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"86171","unstructured":"Jantarasiew, B., Boonyaporn, T., & Suppasri, J. (2021). Factors related to secondhand smoke preventive behavior of pregnant women in Trang Province. Thai Journal of Nursing, 70(4), 28-33."},{"key":"86172","unstructured":"Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 255-256."},{"key":"86173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. California: Sage Publications.","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8"},{"key":"86174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, A., Bottorff, J. L., Oliffe, J. L., Sarbit, G., & Kelly, M. T. (2015). A qualitative study of Chinese Canadian fathers\u2019 smoking behaviors: Intersecting cultures and masculinities. BMC Public Health, 15, 286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-015-1646-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1646-0"},{"key":"86175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonnell, B. P., & Regan, C. (2019). Smoking in pregnancy: Pathophysiology of harm and current evidence for monitoring and cessation. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, 21(3), 169-175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tog.12585","DOI":"10.1111\/tog.12585"},{"key":"86176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ODonnell, R., Angus, K., McCulloch, P., Amos, A., Greaves, L., & Semple, S. (2019). Fathers\u2019 views and experiences of creating a smoke-free home: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 5164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16245164","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16245164"},{"key":"86177","unstructured":"Pookpan, S., Tachasuksri, T., & Siriarunrat, S. (2021). Factors predicting preventive behavior regarding adverse effects of cigarette smoke among pregnant women. Thai Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Nursing, 32(1), 76-89."},{"key":"86178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on research methods: Whatever happened to qualitative description? . Research in Nursing & Health, 23(4), 334-340.","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"86179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seo, H.-J., Kim, S. Y., Park, D., Sheen, S.-S., Choi, M., Jang, B.-H., Lee, S. J., & Cha, Y. (2021). Peer support for smoking cessation: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews, 10, 296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01850-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01850-y"},{"key":"86180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, L. (2015). Targeting smokers with empathy appeal antismoking public service announcements: A field experiment. Journal of Health Communication, 20(5), 573-580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10810730.2015.1012236","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2015.1012236"},{"key":"86181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soltani, F., Barzegar, F., Sangestani, G., Roshanaii, G., & Maleki, A. (2019). The effectiveness of family counselling on reducing exposure to secondhand smoke at home among pregnant women in Iran. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation, 5, 41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332%2Ftpc%2F113105","DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/113105"},{"key":"86182","unstructured":"Sonthon, P., & Sonthon, A. (2019). Factors associated with second hand smoke exposure in the home among pregnant women in Phetchabun province. Thai Journal of Public Health, 49(3), 350-362."},{"key":"86183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soulakova, J. N., Tang, C.-Y., Leonardo, S. A., & Taliaferro, L. A. (2018). Motivational benefits of social support and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation. Journal of Smoking Cessation, 13(4), 216-226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jsc.2017.26","DOI":"10.1017\/jsc.2017.26"},{"key":"86184","unstructured":"Suteerangkul, P., Lagampan, S., Auemaneekul, N., & Kalampakorn, S. (2019). Thai community perspectives on suburban smoke-free homes: Qualitative findings from a mixed method study. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 23(2), 106-117."},{"key":"86185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tantanokit, J., Sansiriphun, N., Sripichyakan, K., & Klunklin, P. (2023). Prenatal harmful substances: Thai pregnant women\u2019s experiences. Belitung Nursing Journal, 9(4), 302-312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33546%2Fbnj.2708","DOI":"10.33546\/bnj.2708"},{"key":"86186","unstructured":"The National Health Service. (2023). Take it right outside: Find out the facts about second hand smoke. https:\/\/www.nhsinform.scot\/campaigns\/take-it-right-outside"},{"key":"86187","unstructured":"The Royal Thai Government Gazette. (2019). The Promotion of Development and Protection of Family Institution Act, B.E. 2562. https:\/\/ratchakitcha.soc.go.th\/documents\/17081923.pdf"},{"key":"86188","unstructured":"The United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2023). 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