{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:33:26Z","timestamp":1787924006121,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Belitung Raya Foundation","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"award":[""],"award-info":[{"award-number":[""]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["belitungraya.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Belitung Nurs J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Despite the availability of evidence-based eye-care protocols, compliance among nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) remains inconsistent. Conceptual ambiguity between adherence, compliance, and protocol implementation has limited the development of valid measures and targeted interventions.\n\n\nObjective:\u00a0To clarify and define the concept of Eye Care Compliance in ICUs through a systematic concept analysis.\n\n\nMethods:\u00a0This concept analysis followed the eight-step framework of Walker and Avant. CINAHL Plus, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Database-specific search strings and eligibility criteria were applied, and studies were screened and selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.\n\n\nResults:\u00a0Of 653 records identified, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eye Care Compliance was clarified as an observable nursing behavior (what nurses do), distinct from protocol compliance (following externally imposed instructions) and protocol implementation (organizational adoption of a guideline). Three defining attributes were identified: (1) consistent care: reliable, repeated delivery of all protocol-specified procedures for all at-risk patients; (2) timely care: alignment of eye-care activities with evidence-based frequency recommendations and the patient\u2019s evolving risk profile; and (3) documented care: systematic recording of assessments, interventions, and their timing to ensure continuity and auditability.\n\nConclusions: Eye Care Compliance is a distinct, nurse-mediated behavioral construct referring to the observable enactment of structured, evidence-based ocular protection in the ICU. This concept is operationalized as the behavior pattern in which ICU nurses systematically perform and record all protocol-specified ocular protection procedures\u2014assessment, cleansing, eyelid closure or protection, and lubrication\u2014for every patient meeting defined risk criterion, at the intervals required by evidence-based guidelines, with each episode documented to ensure care continuity and accountability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33546\/bnj.4478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:17:35Z","timestamp":1787883455000},"page":"463-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33546\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eye care compliance in intensive care units: A concept analysis"],"prefix":"10.33546","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-1462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulkareem S.","family":"Iblasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3029-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cansu Polat","family":"D\u00fcnya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9197-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoelfikar Dafalla","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-7861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I Gede","family":"Juanamasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"19163","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"161706","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afenigus, A. D., & Asres, H. A. (2024). Assessment of eye care practices and health belief model factors among adult intensive care unit nurses in public hospitals of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12912-024-02525-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02525-4"},{"key":"161707","unstructured":"Alghamdi, M. A., Ghaleb, M. A., & Aal, S. E. A. (2018). Assessment of intensive care nurse knowledge and perception of eye care practice for unconscious and mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 4(1), 15\u201322."},{"key":"161708","unstructured":"Ebadi, A., Moayed, M. S., Mirsadeghi, A., & Saeid, Y. (2021). Evaluating intensive care nurses' clinical competence in eye care; a cross-sectional descriptive study. Health Education and Health Promotion, 9(3), 171\u2013175."},{"key":"161709","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebadi, A., Saeid, Y., Ashrafi, S., & Taheri\u2010Kharameh, Z. (2017). Development and psychometric evaluation of a questionnaire on nurses' clinical competence eye care in intensive care unit patients. Nursing in Critical Care, 22(3), 169\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nicc.12113","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12113"},{"key":"161710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fall, E., Izaute, M., & Chakroun-Baggioni, N. (2018). How can the health belief model and self-determination theory predict both influenza vaccination and vaccination intention? A longitudinal study among university students. Psychology & Health, 33(6), 746\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870446.2017.1401623","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2017.1401623"},{"key":"161711","unstructured":"Fashafsheh, I. H. D., Morsy, W. M., Ismaeel, M. S., Abu, A., & Alkaiasi, E. (2013). Impact of a designed eye care protocol on nurses knowledge, practices and on eye health status of unconscious mechanically ventilated patients at north Palestine hospitals. Journal of Education and Practice 4(28), 107\u2013120."},{"key":"161712","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gider, N. Y., Tosun, B., & Dirgar, E. (2025). Evaluation of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of intensive care unit nurses regarding eye care: A descriptive study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 27(2), e70114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nhs.70114","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.70114"},{"key":"161713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00fcler, E. K., E\u015fer, \u0130., & Fashafsheh, I. H. D. (2017). Intensive care nurses\u2019 views and practices for eye care: An international comparison. Clinical Nursing Research, 26(4), 504\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1054773816631471","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773816631471"},{"key":"161714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gungor, S., And\u0131, S., Ak\u00e7oban, S., & Tosun, B. (2025). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of intensive care nurses regarding eye care. 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