{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:44:32Z","timestamp":1778942672662,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D status and the relationship between serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations and the components of insulin resistance were examined in 120 patients with chronic kidney disease stage 2 and 3. Insulin sensitivity\/resistance was calculated by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). In this analysis, the prevalence of insulin resistance was 42 %. Only 17 % of patients had serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentration in the recommended range (\u226530 ng\/ml), 42 % suffered from vitamin D insufficiency and 41 % had moderate vitamin D deficiency. Insulin resistance significantly correlated with serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, renal function and protein excretion rate. Our results support the increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may be one of the factors participating in the development of insulin resistance already in the early stages of chronic kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T13:38:24Z","timestamp":1574429904000},"page":"149-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Insulin Resistance and Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 2-3"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"\u0160TEF\u00cdKOV\u00c1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacotherapy, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"SPUSTOV\u00c1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"KRIVO\u0160\u00cdKOV\u00c1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"OK\u0160A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"GAZD\u00cdKOV\u00c1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"FEDELE\u0160OV\u00c1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"DZ\u00daRIK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BOUCHER BJ, MANNAN N, NOOMAN K, HALES CN, EVANS SJ: Glucose intolerance and impairment of insulin secretion in relation to vitamin D deficiency in east London Asians. Diabetologia 38: 1239-1245, 1995.","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050418"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BOUCHER BJ: Inadequate vitamin D status: does it contribute to the disorders comprising syndrom \"X\"? Br J Nutr 79: 315-327, 1998.","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19980055"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CHEN J, MUNTNER P, HAMM LL, FONESCA V, BATUMAN V, WHELTON PK, HE J: Insulin resistance and risk of chronic kidney disease in nondiabetic US adults. J Am Soc Nephrol 14: 469-477, 2003.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000046029.53933.09"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CHEN J, MUNTNER P, HAMM LL, JONES DW, BATUMAN V, FONESCA V, WHELTON PK, HE J: The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in U.S. adults. Ann Int Med 140: 167-174, 2004.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-3-200402030-00007"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CHIU KC, CHU A, GO VL, SAAD MF: Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 820-825, 2004.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.820"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CHONCHOL M, SCRAGG R: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, insulin resistance, and kidney function in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Kidney Int 71: 134-139, 2007.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002002"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DUSSO AS, BROWN AJ, SLATOPOLSKY E: Vitamin D. Am J Renal Physiol 289: F8-F28, 2005.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00336.2004"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"FLISER D, PACINI G, ENGELLEITER R, KAUTZKY-WILLER A, PRAGER R, FRANEK E, RITZ E: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are already present in patients with incipient renal disease. Kidney Int 53: 1343-1347, 1998.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00898.x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"FORD ES, GILES WH, DIETZ WH: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings form the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 287: 356-359, 2002.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.3.356"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"FORD ES, AJANI UA, MCGUIRE LC, LIU S: Concentrations of serum vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome among US adults. Diabet Care 28: 1228-1230, 2005.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1228"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"FOROUGHI NG, LUAN J, COOPER A, BOUCHER BJ, WAREHAM N: Baseline serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D is predictive of future glycemic status and insulin resistance: the Medical Research Council Ely Prospective Study 1990-2000. Diabetes 57: 2619-2625, 2008.","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0593"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GONZALES EA, SACHCEVA A, OLIVER DA, MARTIN KJ: Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in chronic kidney disease. A single center observational study. Am J Nephrol 24: 503-510, 2004.","DOI":"10.1159\/000081023"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GRUNDY SM, BREWER HB Jr, CLEEMAN JI, SMITH SC Jr, LENFANT C; American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 109: 433-438, 2004.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000111245.75752.c6"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"HOEHNER CM, GREENLUND KJ, RITH-NAJARIAN S, CASPER ML, MCCLELLAN WM: Association of the insulin resistance syndrome and microalbuminuria among nondiabeteic native Americans. The Inter-Tribal Heart Project. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 1626-1634, 2002.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asn.0000015762.92814.85"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"HOLICK MF: Sunlight and vitamin D for health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 80 (6 suppl): 1678S-1688S, 2004.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1678s"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"HOLICK MF: Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 362-371, 2004.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.3.362"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.kidney.org\/professionals\/kdoqi\/gfr_calculator.cfm"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ISHIMURA E, NISHIZAWA Y, INABA M, MATSUMOTO N, EMOTO M, KAVAGISHI T, SHOJI S, OKUNO S, KIM M, MIKI T, MORII H: Serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int  55: 1019-1027, 1999.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.0550031019.x"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 39 (2 Suppl 1): S1-S266, 2002."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 42 (4 Suppl 3): S1-S201, 2003.","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02736671"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"KATO Y, HAYASHI M, OHNO Y, SUZAWA T, SASAKI T, SARUTA T: Mild renal dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance in chronic glomerulonephritis. Clin Nephrol 54: 366-373, 2000."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"KATZ A, NAMBI SS, MATHER K, BARON AD, FOLLMANN DA, SULLIVAN G, QUON MJ: Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 2402-2410, 2000.","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.7.6661"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MEHROTRA R, KERMAH D, BUDOFF M, SALUSKY IB, MAO SS, GAO YL, TAKASU J, ADLER S, NORRIS K: Hypovitaminosis D in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3: 1144-1151, 2008.","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.05781207"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"OK\u0160A A, SPUSTOV\u00c1 V, KRIVO\u0160\u00cdKOV\u00c1 Z, GAZD\u00cdKOV\u00c1 K, FEDELE\u0160OV\u00c1 V, LAJDOV\u00c1 I, \u0160TEF\u00cdKOV\u00c1 K, BERNASOVSK\u00c1 G, \u017dILINSK\u00c1 Z, DZ\u00daRIK R: Effect of long-term cholecalciferol supplementation on mineral metabolism and calciotropic hormones chronic kidney disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 31: 322-329, 2008.","DOI":"10.1159\/000157177"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"REMUZZI A: Vitamin D, insulin resistance, and renal disease. Kidney Int 71: 96-98, 2007.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002047"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TUTTLE KR: Renal manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20: 861-864, 2005.","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh767"}],"container-title":["Physiological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T13:38:30Z","timestamp":1574429910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.biomed.cas.cz\/physiolres\/pdf\/60\/60_149.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,14]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.931814","relation":{},"ISSN":["1802-9973","0862-8408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1802-9973","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0862-8408","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,14]]}}}