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Young New Zealand rabbits were instilled by meconium suspension and treated by surfactant alone, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) alone or by their combination and oxygen-ventilated for 5 h. Blood samples were taken before and 30 min after meconium application and 30 min, 1, 3 and 5 h after the treatment for evaluating of oxidative damage, total leukocyte count, leukocyte differential count and respiratory parameters. Leukocyte differential was assessed also in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. NAC alone had only mild therapeutic effect on MAS. However, the combination of NAC and surfactant facilitated rapid onset of therapeutic effect in respiratory parameters (oxygenation index, PaO2\/FiO2) compared to surfactant alone and was the only treatment which prevented neutrophil migration into the lungs, oxidative damage and lung edema. Moreover, NAC suppressed IL-8 and IL-\u03b2 formation and thus seems to be favorable agent for improving surfactant therapy in MAS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T13:24:58Z","timestamp":1600953898000},"page":"S629-S642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["N-Acetylcysteine Advancement of Surfactant Therapy in Experimental Meconium Aspiration Syndrome: Possible Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"KOPINCOV\u00c1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"MOKR\u00c1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"MIKOLKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"KOLOMAZN\u00cdK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"\u010cALKOVSK\u00c1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ANDONEGUI G, BONDER CS, GREEN F, MULLALY SC, ZBYTNUIK L, RAHARJO E, KUBES P: Endothelium-derived Toll-like receptor-4 is the key molecule in LPS-induced neutrophil sequestration into lungs. 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