{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T21:10:21Z","timestamp":1784581821553,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed in the development of pregnancy complications, including endothelial dysfunction, an inflammatory pathway and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between proinflammatory cytokines TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and dual cytokine IL-10 in the mother\u2019s peripheral blood and systolic blood pressure, risk of preeclampsia and low birth weight in gestational diabetes (GDM). We observed 40 women with GDM divided into a gestational hypertension group (n=20) and comparison group (n=20) with normal blood pressure. We found a significant positive correlation between TNF-\u03b1; IL-6; IL-10 levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the second trimester (p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.001); the third trimester (p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.05). We also proved correlations for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during the second; third trimester (p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.001); (p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.0015). We demonstrated a statistically significant positive association between high TNF-\u03b1 group and preeclampsia risk in the third trimester (p=0.04). We also determined the negative correlation in the second trimester between birth weight and TNF-\u03b1; IL-6, IL-10 levels (p&lt;0.05; p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.001). To conclude, our data highlight the importance of cytokines TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and IL-10 in blood pressure regulation. In addition, high levels of TNF-\u03b1 have been associated with increased risk of preeclampsia. We found a significant negative correlation between levels of TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-10 and birth weight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T12:49:54Z","timestamp":1563886194000},"page":"395-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Correlation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 10 With Blood Pressure, Risk of Preeclampsia and Low Birth Weight in Gestational Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"\u017d\u00c1K","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"SOU\u010cEK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION: 13. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care 41 (Suppl 1): S137-S143, 2018.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-s013"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AMU S, HAHN-ZORIC M, MALIK A, ASHRAF R, ZAMAN S, KJELLMER I, HAGBERG H, PADYUKOV L, HANSON LA: Cytokines in the placenta of Pakistani newborns with and without intrauterine growth retardation. Pediatr Res 59: 254-258, 2006.","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000196332.37565.7d"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AZIZIEH F, RAGHUPATH R: Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and pregnancy complications: A prospective study. Med Princ Pract 24: 165-170, 2015.","DOI":"10.1159\/000369363"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BARTHA JL, ROMERO-CARMONA R, COMINO-DELGADO R: In\ufb02ammatory cytokines in intrauterine growth retardation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 82: 1099-1102, 2003.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0412.2003.00259.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CHALLIS JR, LOCKWOOD CJ, MYATT L, NORMAN JE, STRAUSS JF 3RD, PETRAGLIA F: In\ufb02ammation and pregnancy. Reprod Sci 16: 206-215, 2009.","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108329095"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CHAOUAT G, LED\u00c9E-BATAILLEA N, DUBANCHETA S, ZOURBASA S, SANDRAC O, MARTAL J: TH1\/TH2 paradigm in pregnancy: paradigm lost? Cytokines in pregnancy\/early abortion: reexamining the TH1\/TH2 paradigm. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 134: 93-119, 2004.","DOI":"10.1159\/000074300"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CONRAD KP, BENYO DF: Placental cytokines and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 37: 240-249, 1997.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00222.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CURRY AE, VOGEL I, SKOGSTRAND K: Maternal plasma cytokines in early-and mid-gestation of normal human pregnancy and their association with maternal factors. J Reprod Immunol 77: 152-160, 2008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2007.06.051"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CUTLAND C, LACKRITZ E, MALLETT T, MOORE E, BARDAJ\u00cd A, CHANDRASEKARAN R, LAHARIYA CH, NISAR H, MILAGRITOS I, TAPIA J, PATHIRANA J, KOCHHAR S, MU\u00d1OZ F, THE BRIGHTON COLLABORATION LOW BIRTH WEIGHT WORKING GROUP: LOW BIRTH WEIGHT: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data. Vaccine 35: 6492-6500, 2017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.01.049"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"DE STEENWINKEL FD, HOKKEN-KOELEGA AC, DE MAN YA, DE RIJKE YB, DE RIDDER MA, HAZES JM: Circulating maternal cytokines influence fetal growth in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 72: 1995-2001, 2013.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202539"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"FERNANDEZ-VOJVODICH P, ZAMAN F, S\u00c4VENDAHL L: Interleukin-6 acts locally on the growth plate to impair bone growth. Ann Rheum Dis 72: 24, 2013.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204112"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GADONSKI G, LAMARCA BB, SULLIVAN E, BENNETT W, CHANDLER D, GRANGER JP: Hypertension produced by reductions in uterine perfusion in the pregnant rat role of interleukin 6. Hypertension 48: 711-716, 2006.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.0000238442.33463.94"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GOMES CP, TORLONI MR, GUEUVOGHLANIAN-SILVA BY, ALEXANDRE SM, MATTAR R, DAHER S: Cytokine levels in gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the literature. Am J Reprod Immunol 69: 545-557, 2013.","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12088"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HENNESSY A, PILMORE HL, SIMMONS LA, PAINTER DM: A deficiency of placental IL-10 in preeclampsia. J Immunol 163: 3491-3495, 1999.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.6.3491"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"KATO T, KASSAB S, WILKINS FC, KIRCHNER K, KEISER J, GRANGER JP: Endothelin antagonist improve renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 25: 883-887, 1995.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.25.4.883"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"KIRWAN JP, HAUGUEL-DE MOUZON S, LEPERCQ J, CHALLIER JC, HUSTON-PRESLEY L, FRIEDMAN JE, KALHAN SC, CATALANO PM: TNF-alpha is a predictor of insulin resistance in human pregnancy. Diabetes 51: 2207-2213, 2002.","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.7.2207"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"KOUREMBANAS S, MCQUILLAN LP, LEUNG GK, FALLER DV: Nitric oxide regulates the expression of vasoconstrictors and growth factors by vascular endothelium under both normoxia and hypoxia. J Clin Invest 92: 99-104, 1993.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci116604"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"LAMARCA BB, BENNETT WA, ALEXANDER BT, COCKRELL K, GRANGER JP: Hypertension produced by reductions in uterine perfusion in the pregnant rat. Role of tumor necrosis factor. Hypertension 46: 1022-1025, 2005.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.0000175476.26719.36"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"LANA K, WAGNER MD: First Choice Community Healthcare, Albuquerque, New Mexico."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"LASH GE, ERNERUDH J: Decidual cytokines and pregnancy complications: focus on spontaneous miscarriage. J Reprod Immunol 108: 83-89, 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.02.003"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"LOCKWOOD CJ, YEN CF, BASAR M, KAYISLI UA, MARTEL M, BUHIMSCHI I, BUHIMSCHI C, HUANG SJ, KRIKUN G, SCHATZ F: Preeclampsia-related inflammatory cytokines regulate interleukin-6 expression in human decidual cells Am J Pathol 172: 1571-1579, 2008.","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070629"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MATSUDA M, DEFRONZO R: Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing. Diabetes Care 22: 1462-1470, 1999.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MATTHEWS D, HOSKER J, RUDENSKI A, NAYLOR B, TREACHER D, TURNER R: Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and b-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28: 412-419, 1985.","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00280883"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MEIKLE S, FERRE C, PETERSON H, JENG G, WILCOX L: Low and very low birth weight in infants conceived with use of assisted reproductive technology. N Engl J Med 346: 731-737, 2002.","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa010806"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"ORGANIZATION WH. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision, 2nd ed. World Health Organization. 94-99, 2004."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"PARK HS, PARK JY, YU R: Relationship of obesity and visceral adiposity with serum concentrations of CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 69: 29-35, 2005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2004.11.007"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"PERA\u00c7OLI JC, RUDGE MV, PERA\u00c7OLI M: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in gestation and puerperium of women with gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 57: 177-185, 2007.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00455.x"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"POWERS RW, BODNAR LM, NESS RB: Uric acid concentrations in early pregnancy among preeclamptic women with gestational hyperuricemia at delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 194: 160, 2006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.06.066"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"QUI\u00d1ONES GALVAN A, NATALI A, BALDI S, FRASCERRA S, SANNA G, CIOCIARO D, FERRANNINI E: Effect of insulin on uric acid excretion in humans. Am J Physiol 268: E1-E5, 1995.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1995.268.1.e1"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"RAGHUPATHY RAJ: Cytokines as key players in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Med Princ Pract 22: 8-19, 2013.","DOI":"10.1159\/000354200"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"REDMAN CW, SARGENT IL: Placental debris, oxidative stress and pre-eclampsia. Placenta 21: 597-602, 2000.","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2000.0560"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"RUIZ-ORTEGA M, RUPEREZ M, LORENZO O, ESTEBAN V, BLANCO J, MEZZANO S, EGIDO J: Angiotensin II regulates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the kidney. Kidney Int 82: 12-22, 2002.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.62.s82.4.x"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SAITO S: Cytokine network at the feto-maternal interface. J Reprod Immunol 47: 87-10, 2001.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(00)00060-7"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SANTNER-NANAN B, PEEK MJ, KHANAM R, RICHARTS L, ZHU E, FAZEKAS DE ST GROTH B, NANAN R: Systemic increase in the ratio between Foxp3+ and IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells in healthy pregnancy but not in preeclampsia. J Immunol 183: 7023-7030, 2009.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901154"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SCHMIDT FM, WESCHENFELDER J, SANDER C, MINKWITZ J, THORMANN J, CHITTKA T, MERGL R, KIRKBY KC, FA\u00dfHAUER M, STUMVOLL M, HOLDT LM, TEUPSER D, HEGERL U, HIMMERICH H: Inflammatory cytokines in general and central obesity and modulating effects of physical activity. PLoS One 10: e0121971, 2015.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121971"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SHAH D, KHALIL R: bioactive factors in uteroplacental and systemic circulation link placental ischemia to generalized vascular dysfunction in hypertensive pregnancy and preeclampsia. Biochem Pharmacol 15: 211-226, 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.04.012"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SHEU A, CHAN Y, FERGUSON A, BAKHTYARI MB, HAWKE W, WHITE C, CHAN YF, BERTOLINO PJ, WOON HG, PALENDIRA U, SIERRO F, LAU SM: A proinflammatory CD4+ T cell phenotype in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 61: 1633-1643, 2018.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4615-1"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"TAYLOR RN, VARMA M, TENG NN, ROBERTS JM: Women with preeclampsia have higher plasma endothelin levels than women with normal pregnancies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71: 1675-1677, 1990.","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-6-1675"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"TINSLEY JH, SOUTH S, CHIASSON VL, MITCHELL BM: Interleukin-10 reduces inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298: R713-R719, 2010.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00712.2009"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"WAGNER L: Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia. Am Fam Physician 70: 2317-2324, 2004."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WALLACE K, RICHARDS S, DHILLON P, WEIMER A, EDHOLM ES, BENGTEN E: CD4+ T-helper cells stimulated in response to placental ischemia mediate hypertension during pregnancy. Hypertension 57: 949-955, 2011.","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.110.168344"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WANG Y, WALSH SW: TNF alpha concentrations and mRNA expression are increased in preeclamptic placentas. J Reprod Immunol 32: 157-169, 1996.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(96)00998-9"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ZHANG ZH, WEI SG, FRANCIS J, FELDER RB: Cardiovascular and renal sympathetic activation by blood-borne TNF in rat: the role of central prostaglandins. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284: R916-R927, 2003.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00406.2002"}],"container-title":["Physiological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T13:20:11Z","timestamp":1695043211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.biomed.cas.cz\/physiolres\/pdf\/2019\/68_395.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]]},"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.934002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1802-9973","0862-8408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1802-9973","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0862-8408","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]]}}}