{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T01:25:03Z","timestamp":1776389103654,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disordered motility is one of the most important pathogenic characteristics of unctional dyspepsia (FD), although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Since the sympathetic system is important to the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, the present study aimed to investigate the role of norepinephrine (NE) and adrenoceptors in disordered gastric motility in a rat model with FD. The effect of exogenous NE on gastric motility in control and FD rats was measured through an organ bath study. The expression and distribution of \u03b2-adrenoceptors were examined by real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results showed that endogenous gastric NE was elevated in FD rats, and hyperreactivity of gastric smooth muscle to NE and delayed gastric emptying were observed in the rat model of FD. The mRNA levels of \u03b21-adrenoceptor and norepinephrine transporter (NET) and the protein levels of \u03b22-adrenoceptor and NET were increased significantly in the gastric corpus of FD rats. All three subtypes of \u03b2-adrenoceptors were abundantly distributed in the gastric corpus of rats. In conclusion, the enhanced NE and \u03b2-adrenoceptors and NETs may be contributed to the disordered gastric motility in FD rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T07:19:50Z","timestamp":1583479190000},"page":"135-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Upregulation of Gastric Norepinephrine With \u03b2-Adrenoceptors and Gastric Dysmotility in a Rat Model of Functional Dyspepsia"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"SONG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"LI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"ZHU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AGGARWAL S, MORTENSEN OV: Overview of monoamine transporters. Curr Protoc Pharmacol 79: 12.16.1-12.16.17, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpph.32","DOI":"10.1002\/cpph.32"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"AZIZ I, PALSSON OS, TORNBLOM H, SPERBER AD, WHITEHEAD WE, SIMREN M: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and associations for symptom-based Rome IV functional dyspepsia in adults in the USA, Canada, and the UK: a cross-sectional population-based study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 3: 252-262, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30003-7","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(18)30003-7"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BENNETT EJ, TENNANT CC, PIESSE C, BADCOCK CA, KELLOW JE: Level of chronic life stress predicts clinical outcome in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 43: 256-261, 1998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.43.2.256","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.2.256"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BROWNING KN, TRAVAGLI RA: Central nervous system control of gastrointestinal motility and secretion and modulation of gastrointestinal functions. Compr Physiol 4: 1339-1368, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c130055","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130055"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CANCIANI L, GIARONI C, ZANETTI E, GIULIANI D, PISANI R, MORO E, TRINCHERA M, CREMA F, LECCHINI S, FRIGO G: Functional interaction between alpha2-adrenoceptors, mu- and kappa-opioid receptors in the guinea pig myenteric plexus: effect of chronic desipramine treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 553: 269-279, 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.09.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.09.025"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CARBONE F, TACK J: Gastroduodenal mechanisms underlying functional gastric disorders. Dig Dis 32: 222-229, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000357854","DOI":"10.1159\/000357854"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CHANG X, ZHAO L, WANG J, LU X, ZHANG S: Sini-san improves duodenal tight junction integrity in a rat model of functional dyspepsia. BMC Complement Altern Med 17: 432, 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-017-1938-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1938-2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"FAN Y, HUANG J, KIERANN, ZHU MY: Effects of transcription factors Phox2 on expression of norepinephrine transporter and dopamine beta-hydroxylase in SK-N-BE(2)C cells. J Neurochem 110: 1502-1513, 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06260.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06260.x"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"KAEHLER ST, SINNER C, PHILIPPU A: Release of catecholamines in the locus coeruleus of freely moving and anaesthetized normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects of cardiovascular changes and tail pinch. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 361: 433-439, 2000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002109900210","DOI":"10.1007\/s002109900210"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"LACY BE, WEISER KT, KENNEDY AT, CROWELL MD, TALLEY NJ: Functional dyspepsia: the economic impact to patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 38: 170-177, 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.12355","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12355"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MAYER AF, SCHROEDER C, HEUSSER K, TANK J, DIEDRICH A, SCHMIEDER RE, LUFT FC, JORDAN J: Influences of norepinephrine transporter function on the distribution of sympathetic activity in humans. Hypertension 48: 120-126, 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.HYP.0000225424.13138.5d","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.0000225424.13138.5d"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MCINTYRE AS, THOMPSON DG: Review article: adrenergic control of motor and secretory function in the gastrointestinal tract. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 6: 125-142, 1992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1992.tb00257.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1992.tb00257.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"PARK DI, RHEE PL, KIM YH, SUNG IK, SON HJ, KIM JJ, PAIK SW, RHEE JC, CHOI KW: Role of autonomic dysfunction in patients with functional dyspepsia. Dig Liver Dis 33: 464-471, 2001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1590-8658(01)80023-2","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(98)83177-6"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ROSARIO LA, ABERCROMBIE ED: Individual differences in behavioral reactivity: correlation with stress-induced norepinephrine efflux in the hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Brain Res Bull 48: 595-602, 1999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0361-9230(99)00040-4","DOI":"10.1016\/s0361-9230(99)00040-4"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SAHAN HE, YILDIRIM EA, SOYLU A, TABAKCI AS, CAKMAK S, ERKOC SN: Comparison of functional dyspepsia with organic dyspepsia in terms of attachment patterns. Compr Psychiatry 83: 12-18, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.02.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.02.007"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SJOHOLM B, LAHDESMAKI J, PYYKKO K, HILLILA M, SCHEININ M: Non-adrenergic binding of [3H]atipamezole in rat kidney--regional distribution and comparison to alpha2-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 128: 1215-1222, 1999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702917","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702917"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SONG J, ZHENG L, ZHANG X, FENG X, FAN R, SUN L, HONG F, ZHANG Y, ZHU J: Upregulation of beta1-adrenoceptors is involved in the formation of gastric dysmotility in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Transl Res 164: 22-31, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trsl.2014.01.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2014.01.001"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"STANGHELLINI V, TACK J: Gastroparesis: separate entity or just a part of dyspepsia? Gut 63: 1972-1978, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306084","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306084"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"TACK J, CAMILLERI M: New developments in the treatment of gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Curr Opin Pharmacol 43: 111-117, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2018.08.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2018.08.015"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"TALLEY NJ, FORD AC: Functional dyspepsia. N Engl J Med 373: 1853-1863, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1501505","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1501505"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"TALLEY NJ, WEAVER AL, ZINSMEISTER AR: Impact of functional dyspepsia on quality of life. Dig Dis Sci 40: 584-589, 1995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02064375","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02064375"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"TOMINAGA K, FUJIKAWA Y, TSUMOTO C, KADOUCHI K, TANAKA F, KAMATA N, YAMAGAMI H, TANIGAWA T, WATANABE T, FUJIWARA Y, ARAKAWA T: Disorder of autonomic nervous system and its vulnerability to external stimulation in functional dyspepsia. J Clin Biochem Nutr 58: 161-165, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3164\/jcbn.15-140","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.15-140"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WEI W, LI X, HAO J, ZHANG R, GUO J, ZONG Y, LU Y, QU S, TIAN J: Proteomic analysis of functional dyspepsia in stressed rats treated with traditional Chinese medicine \"Wei Kangning\". J Gastroenterol Hepatol 26: 1425-1433, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06566.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06566.x"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WINSTON JH, SARNA SK: Enhanced sympathetic nerve activity induced by neonatal colon inflammation induces gastric hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behavior in adult rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 311: G32-G39, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00067.2016","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00067.2016"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ZADORI ZS, SHUJAA N, FULOP K, DUNKEL P, GYIRES K: Pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in the clonidine- and oxymetazoline-induced inhibition of gastric motility in the rat. Neurochem Int 51: 297-305, 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.06.027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.06.027"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ZHANG X, LI Y, LIU C, FAN R, WANG P, ZHENG L, HONG F, FENG X, ZHANG Y, LI L, ZHU J: Alteration of enteric monoamines with monoamine receptors and colonic dysmotility in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease rats. Transl Res 166: 152-162, 2015a. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.02.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.02.003"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZHANG X, LI Y, ZHANG X, DUAN Z, ZHU J: Regulation of transepithelial ion transport in the rat late distal colon by the sympathetic nervous system. Physiol Res 64: 103-110, 2015b.","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932795"}],"container-title":["Physiological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T21:18:09Z","timestamp":1614719889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.biomed.cas.cz\/physiolres\/pdf\/2020\/69_135.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.934169","relation":{},"ISSN":["1802-9973","0862-8408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1802-9973","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0862-8408","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]}}}