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Opposite bias exists for data obtained mainly in animal models utilizing female subjects (e.g. research in multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis) with skewed outcomes for men affected by these diseases. Either way, scientists are producing results which compromise half of the population. Assumptions that females as cohorts are more variable and another assumption that the oestrous cycle should be tracked in case the females are enrolled in preclinical studies were proven wrong. Variability of male versus female cohorts are comparable and do not only stem from hormonal levels. The widespread prevalence of sex differences in human diseases ultimately requires detailed experiments performed on both sexes, unless the studies are specifically addressing reproduction or sex-related behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T12:18:52Z","timestamp":1611749932000},"page":"S367-S378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Various Aspects of Sex and Gender Bias in Biomedical Research"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"J","family":"PLEVKOVA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"BROZMANOVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"HARSANYIOVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"STERUSKY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"HONETSCHLAGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"BUDAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ALSWAT KA: Gender disparities in osteoporosis. 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