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Berlin Classification in 2012 defined three categories of ARDS according to hypoxemia (mild, moderate, and severe), and the term \u201cacute lung injury\u201d was assigned for general description or for animal models. ALI\/ARDS can originate from direct lung triggers such as pneumonia or aspiration, or from extrapulmonary reasons such as sepsis or trauma. Despite growing understanding the ARDS pathophysiology, efficacy of standard treatments, such as lung protective ventilation, prone positioning, and neuromuscular blockers, is often limited. However, there is an increasing evidence that direct and indirect forms of ARDS may differ not only in the manifestations of alterations, but also in the response to treatment. Thus, individualized treatment according to ARDS subtypes may enhance the efficacy of given treatment and improve the survival of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T07:04:02Z","timestamp":1611731042000},"page":"S353-S366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Acute Lung Injury \u2013 From Pathophysiology to Treatment"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Mokra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ABRAHAM A, KRASNODEMBSKAYA A: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome. 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