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This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and lung toxicity induced by Al2O3-nps and ZnO-nps or in combination via studying changes in gene expression, alteration in cytokine production, tumor suppressor protein p53, neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, and the histological and morphological changes. Obtained results showed that Al2O3-nps, ZnO-nps and their combination cause an increase in 8-hydroxy-2\u00b4-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), cytokines, p53, oxidative stress, creatine kinase, norepinephrine, acetylcholine (ACh), and lipid profile. Moreover, significant changes in the gene expression of mitochondrial transcription factor-A (mtTFA) and peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma-coactivator-1\u03b1 (PGC-1\u03b1) were also noted. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), neurotransmitters (dopamine \u2013 DA, and serotonin \u2013 SER), and the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in the brain, heart, and lung were found. Additionally, these results were confirmed by histological examinations. The present study revealed that the toxic effects were more when these nanoparticle doses are used in combination. Thus, Al2O3-nps and ZnO-nps may behave as neurotoxic, cardiotoxic, and lung toxic, especially upon exposure to rats in combination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T15:25:00Z","timestamp":1672845900000},"page":"677-694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Aluminum Oxide and Zinc Oxide Induced Nanotoxicity in Rat Brain, Heart, and Lung"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"M","family":"YOUSEF","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"ROYCHOUDHURY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"JAFAAR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"SLAMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology, and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"KESARI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"KAMEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1.\tPoborilova Z, Opatrilova R, Babula P. 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