{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:08:36Z","timestamp":1787026116176,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This analysis aims to see whether 6-shogaol could protect rats against D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced Hepatotoxicity. The Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6). Group 1 received a standard diet, Group 2 received an oral administration of 6-shogaol (20 mg\/kg b.wt), Group 3 received an intraperitoneal injection of D-GalN (400 mg\/kg b.wt) on 21st day, and Group 4 received an oral administration of 6-shogaol (20mg\/kg b.wt) for 21 days and D-GalN (400 mg\/kg b.wt) injection only on 21st day. The hepatic marker enzymes activity, lipid peroxidative markers level increased significantly and antioxidant activity\/level significantly reduced in D-GalN-induced rats. 6-shogaol Pretreatment effectively improves the above changes in D-GalN-induced rats. Further, inflammatory marker expression and MAPK signaling molecules were downregulated by 6-shogaol. These findings showed that 6-shogaol exerts hepatoprotective effects via the enhanced antioxidant system and attenuated the inflammation and MAPK signaling pathway in D-GalN-induced rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T09:54:17Z","timestamp":1695808457000},"page":"445-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Preventive Effect of 6-shogaol on D-galactosamine Induced Hepatotoxicity Through NF-\u03baB\/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Rats"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"X","family":"Zong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koblihov\u00e1 E, Mr\u00e1zov\u00e1 I, Va\u0148ourkov\u00e1 Z, Maxov\u00e1 H, Kikerlov\u00e1 S, Huskov\u00e1 Z, Ryska M, Fron\u011bk J, Vernerov\u00e1 Z. 2020. Pharmacological stimulation of Wnt\/\u00df-catenin signaling pathway attenuates the course of thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure. Physiol Res 2023;69:113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.934071","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934071"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ansari MA, Ahmad SF, Khan MR, Bakheet SA, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Shahid M, Haq N, Ahmad A. Sinapic acid ameliorates D-galactosamine\/lipopolysaccharideinduced fulminant hepatitis in rats: Role of nuclear factor erythroidrelated factor 2\/heme oxygenase-1 pathways. World J Gastroenterol 2021;27:592-608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v27.i7.592","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i7.592"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mao J, Yi M, Wang R, Huang Y, Chen M. Protective effects of costunolide against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice. Front Pharmacol 2018;9:1469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2018.01469","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01469"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nair RR, Suja SR, Aneeshkumar AL, Bhaskar S, Vilash V, Rajasekharan S. Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of roots of Tetracera akara (Burm. f.) Merr. on D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats by downregulation of inflammatory mediators like TNF\u03b1, COX-2 and iNOS. Indian J Exp Biol 2020;58:161-171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56042\/ijeb.v58i03.65448","DOI":"10.56042\/ijeb.v58i03.65448"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu Z, Ding Y, Zeng T, Zhao X, Zhang C. Hepatoprotective effect of diallyl trisulfide against lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine induced acute liver failure in mice via suppressing inflammation and apoptosis. Toxicol Res (Camb). 2022;11(2):263-271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfac005","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfac005"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yue J, L\u00f3pez JM. Understanding MAPK Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:2346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21072346","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072346"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Aamani N, Bagheri A, Qajari NM, Shafaroudi MM, Khonakdar-Tarsi A. JNK and p38 gene and protein expression during liver ischemiareperfusion in a rat model treated with silibinin. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2022;25:1373-13818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22038\/IJBMS.2022.60550.13422"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Islam MS, Yu H, Miao L, Liu Z, He Y, Sun H. Hepatoprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Illicium henryi against acute liver injury in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide. Antioxidants 2019;8: 446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox8100446","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100446"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kou X, Wang X, Ji R, Liu L, Qiao Y, Lou Z, Ma C, Li S, Wang H, Ho CT. Occurrence, biological activity and metabolism of 6-shogaol. Food Funct 2018;9:1310-1327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FO01354J","DOI":"10.1039\/c7fo01354j"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Han HS, Kim KB, Jung JH, An IS, Kim YJ, An S. Anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-aging effects of 6-shogaol on human dermal fibroblasts. Biomed Dermatol 2018;27:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41702-018-0037-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s41702-018-0037-4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kode J, Maharana J, Dar AA, Mukherjee S, Gadewal N, Sigalapalli DK, Kumar S, Panda D, Ghosh S, Keshry SS, Mamidi P. 6-Shogaol Exhibits Anti-viral and Anti-inflammatory Activity in COVID-19-Associated Inflammation by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasomes. ACS Omega 2023;8:2618-2628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c07138","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c07138"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Annamalai G, Suresh K. [6]-Shogaol attenuates inflammation, cell proliferation via modulate NF-\u03baB and AP-1 oncogenic signaling in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced oral carcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018;98:484-490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.12.009"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sapkota A, Park SJ, Choi JW. Neuroprotective Effects of 6-Shogaol and Its Metabolite, 6-Paradol, in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019;27:152-159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4062\/biomolther.2018.089","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2018.089"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bischoff-Kont I, Primke T, Niebergall LS, Zech T, F\u00fcrst R. Ginger Constituent 6-Shogaol Inhibits Inflammation- and Angiogenesis-Related Cell Functions in Primary Human Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:844767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.844767","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.844767"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hsu CM, Su HC, Yang MY, Tsai YT, Tsai MS, Yang YH, Wu CY, Chang SF. 6-shogaol is a potential treatment for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2023;20:238-246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijms.80542","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.80542"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gratal P, Mediero A, Lamuedra A, Matamoros-Recio A, Herencia C, Herrero-Beaumont G, Mart\u00edn-Santamar\u00eda S, Largo R. 6-Shogaol (enexasogoal) treatment improves experimental knee osteoarthritis exerting a pleiotropic effect over immune innate signaling responses in chondrocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2022;179:5089-5108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.15908","DOI":"10.22541\/au.162949181.11616718\/v1"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Najmi AK, Pillai KK, Pal SN, Aqil M. Free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective activity of jigrine against galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;97:521-525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2004.12.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.12.016"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Radhiga T, Sundaresan A, Viswanathan P, Pugalendi KV. Effect of protocatechuic acid on lipid profile and DNA damage in D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2016;27:505-514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0135","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0135"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thangaiyan R, Arjunan S, Govindasamy K, Khan HA, Alhomida AS, Prasad NR. Galangin attenuates isoproterenol-induced inflammation and fibrosis in the cardiac tissue of albino wistar rats. Front Pharmacol 2020;11:585163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.585163","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.585163"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conde de la Rosa L, Goicoechea L, Torres S, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernandez-Checa JC. Role of Oxidative Stress in Liver Disorders. Livers 2022;2:283-314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/livers2040023","DOI":"10.3390\/livers2040023"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang X, Kong L, Wang S, Huang K, Wu J, Wang C, Sun H, Liu K, Meng Q. Isoliquiritigenin alleviates LPS\/D-GalN-induced acute liver failure by activating the PGC-1\u03b1\/Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Int Immuno pharmacol 2021;100:108159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108159"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang S, Mo C, Zeng T, Lai Y, Zhou C, Xie S, Chen L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Huang S, Gao L, Lv Z. Lupeol ameliorates LPS\/D-GalN induced acute hepatic damage by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress through TGF\u03b21-Nrf2 signal pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021;13:6592-6605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.202409","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202409"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Villanueva-Paz M, Mor\u00e1n L, L\u00f3pez-Alc\u00e1ntara N, Freixo C, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Cubero FJ. Oxidative stress in drug-induced liver injury (DILI): From mechanisms to biomarkers for use in clinical practice. Antioxidants 2021;10:390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10030390","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030390"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suresh K, Manoharan S, Vijayaanand MA, Sugunadevi G. Chemopreventive and antioxidant efficacy of (6)-paradol in 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Rep 2010;62:1178-85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1734-1140(10)70380-7","DOI":"10.1016\/s1734-1140(10)70380-7"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dong W, Song E, Song Y. Co-administration of lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine induces genotoxicity in mouse liver. Sci Rep 2021;11:1733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-81383-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81383-5"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong J, Tu W, Liu J, Tian D. Hepatocytes: A key role in liver inflammation. Front Immunol 2023;13:1083780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1083780","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1083780"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen Y, Lambrecht J, Ju C, Tacke F. Hepatic macrophages in liver homeostasis and diseases-diversity, plasticity and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Immunol 2021;18:45-56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-020-00558-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00558-8"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kemelo MK, Canov\u00e1 NK, Horinek A, Farghali H. Sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs) alleviate D-galactosamine\/lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: involvement of sirtuin 1 and heme oxygenase 1. Physiol Res 2017;66:497-505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.933488","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933488"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ren Y, Wang LH, Deng FS, Li JS, Jiang L. Protective effect and mechanism of alpha-lipoic acid on partial hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in adult male rats. Physiol Res 2019;68:739-745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.934095","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934095"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Westenberger G, Sellers J, Fernando S, Junkins S, Han SM, Min K, Lawan A. Function of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Hepatic Inflammation. J Cell Signal 2021;2:172-180."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heslop KA, Rovini A, Hunt EG, Fang D, Morris ME, Christie CF, Gooz MB, DeHart DN, Dang Y, Lemasters JJ, Maldonado EN. JNK activation and translocation to mitochondria mediates mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death induced by VDAC opening and sorafenib in hepatocarcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020;171:113728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.113728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.113728"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shojaie L, Iorga A, Dara L. Cell death in liver diseases: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:9682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21249682","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249682"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghorbanpour A, Salari S, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Capsaicin protects against septic acute liver injury by attenuation of apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Heliyon 2023;9:e14205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14205"}],"container-title":["Physiological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T09:54:22Z","timestamp":1695808462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biomed.cas.cz\/physiolres\/pdf\/2023\/72_445.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.935092","relation":{},"ISSN":["1802-9973","0862-8408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1802-9973","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0862-8408","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]}}}