{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:08:59Z","timestamp":1787771339162,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiol Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we investigated the serum vitamin D level in overweight individuals and its correlation with the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Between May 2020 and May 2021, the Department of Gastroenterology at the People\u2019s Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine treated a total of 321 outpatients and inpatients with NAFLD, who were included in the NAFLD group, while 245 healthy age- and gender-matched individuals were included in the control group. All the data were collected for the relevant indices, including fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D. The patients with NAFLD were divided into the normal BMI group, the overweight group, and the obese group, according to the body mass index, and the 25(OH)D levels were compared between the different groups. Spearman\u2019s correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the serum 25(OH)D level and NAFLD. Regarding the serum 25 (OH)D level, it was lower in the NAFLD group than in the control group ([18.36 + 1.41] \u00b5g\/L vs [22.33 + 2.59] \u00b5g\/L, t = \u22125.15, P&lt;0.001), and was lower in the overweight group than in the normal group ([18.09 \u00b1 5.81] \u00b5g\/L vs [20.60 \u00b1 4.16] \u00b5g\/L, t = 0.26, P = 0.041). The serum 25(OH)D level was thus negatively correlated with the incidence of NAFLD in overweight individuals (r = 0.625, P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, the level of 25(OH)D decreased in patients with NAFLD with increasing BMI (normal, overweight, obese).\nKeywords: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease \u2022 Vitamin D<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T12:09:25Z","timestamp":1714651765000},"page":"265-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum Vitamin D Level in Overweight Individuals and Its Correlation With the Incidence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"YL","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. quyu0828@163.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YH","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RR","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YJ","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fu S, Watkins SM, Hotamisligil GS. The role of endoplasmic reticulum in hepatic lipid homeostasis and stress signaling. Cell Metab 2012;15:623-634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.03.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.03.007"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Takahashi H, Kotani K, Tanaka K, Egucih Y, Anzai K. Therapeutic approaches to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: exercise intervention and related mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018;9:588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00588","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00588"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"De Strijcker D, Lapauw B, Ouwens DM, Van de Velde D, Hansen D, Petrovic M, Cuvelier C, et al. High intensity interval training is associated with greater impact on physical fitness, insulin sensitivity and muscle mitochondrial content in males with overweight\/obesity, as opposed to continuous endurance training: a randomized controlled trial. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2018;18(2):215-226."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marcinko K, Sikkema SR, Samaan MC, Kemp BE, Fullerton MD, Steinberg GR. High intensity interval training improves liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Mol Metab 2015;4(12):903-915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.09.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.09.006"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo EP, De Souza CT, Ueno M, Cintra DE, Bertolo MB, Carvalheira JB, Saad MJ, et al. Infliximab restores glucose homeostasis in an animal model of diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Endocrinology 2007;148(12):5991-5997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2007-0132","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0132"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernandes-Lima F, Monte TL, Nascimento FA, Greg\u00f3rio BM. Short exposure to a high-sucrose diet and the first 'hit' of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Cells Tissues Organs 2015;201(6):464-472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000446514","DOI":"10.1159\/000446514"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riazi K, Raman M, Taylor L, Swain MG, Shaheen AA. Dietary Patterns and Components in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): What key messages can health care providers offer? Nutrients 2019;11(12):2878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11122878","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122878"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es ICM, Fontes A, Pinton P, Zischka H, Wieckowski MR. Mitochondria in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018;95:93-99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2017.12.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2017.12.019"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hallsworth K, Thoma C, Hollingsworth KG, Cassidy S, Anstee QM, Day CP, Trenell MI. Modified high-intensity interval training reduces liver fat and improves cardiac function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015;129(12):1097-1105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20150308","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20150308"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oh S, So R, Shida T, Matsuo T, Kim B, Akiyama K, Isobe T, et al. High-intensity aerobic exercise improves both hepatic fat content and stiffness in sedentary obese men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2017;7:43029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep43029","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43029"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Winn NC, Liu Y, Rector RS, Parks EJ, Ibdah JA, Kanaley JA. Energy-matched moderate and high intensity exercise training improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk independent of changes in body mass or abdominal adiposity - A randomized trial. Metabolism 2018;78:128-140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.08.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.08.012"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abdelbasset WK, Tantawy SA, Kamel DM, Alqahtani BA, Soliman GS. A randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides, visceral lipids, and health-related quality of life in diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98(12):e14918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000014918","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000014918"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Winn NC, Liu Y, Rector RS, Parks EJ, Ibdah JA, Kanaley JA. Energy-matched moderate and high intensity exercise training improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk independent of changes in body mass or abdominal adiposity - A randomized trial. Metabolism 2018;78:128-140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.08.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.08.012"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hamasaki H. Perspectives on interval exercise interventions for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicines (Basel). 2019;6(3):83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicines6030083","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines6030083"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Terada S, Tabata I, Higuchi M. Effect of high-intensity intermittent swimming training on fatty acid oxidation enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscle. Jpn J Physiol 2004;54(1):47-52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2170\/jjphysiol.54.47","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.54.47"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carnevali LC Jr, Eder R, Lira FS, Lima WP, Gon\u00e7alves DC, Zanchi NE, Nicastro H, et al. Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012;45(8):777-783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0100-879X2012007500105","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-879x2012007500105"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gobatto CA, de Mello MA, Sibuya CY, de Azevedo JR, dos Santos LA, Kokubun E. Maximal lactate steady state in rats submitted to swimming exercise. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2001;130(1):21-27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1095-6433(01)00362-2","DOI":"10.1016\/s1095-6433(01)00362-2"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hynes J, Swiss RL, Will Y. High-Throughput Analysis of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption. Methods Mol Biol 2018;1782:71-87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-7831-1_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7831-1_4"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saeed N, Nadeau B, Shannon C, Tincopa M. Evaluation of Dietary Approaches for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019;11(12):3064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11123064","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11123064"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saigo Y, Sasase T, Tohma M, Uno K, Shinozaki Y, Maekawa T, Sano R, et al. High-cholesterol diet in combination with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin induces NASH-like disorders in the liver of rats. Physiol Res. 2023;72(3):371-382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.934981","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934981"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Golabi P, Gerber L, Paik JM, Deshpande R, de Avila L, Younossi ZM. Contribution of sarcopenia and physical inactivity to mortality in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2020;2(6):100171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100171"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Naimimohasses S, O'Gorman P, Wright C, Ni Fhloinn D, Holden D, Conlon N, Monaghan A, et al. Differential effects of dietary versus exercise intervention on intrahepatic MAIT cells and histological features of NAFLD. Nutrients 2022;14(11):2198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14112198","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112198"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Toriniwa Y, Muramatsu M, Ishii Y, Riya E, Miyajima K, Ohshida S, Kitatani K, et al. Pathophysiological characteristics of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-like changes in cholesterol-loaded type 2 diabetic rats. Physiol Res. 2018;67(4):601-612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.933784","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933784"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Stefanovic A, Jelic-Ivanovic Z, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V. Obesity and dyslipidemia. Metabolism 2019;92:71-81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.005"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fikenzer K, Fikenzer S, Laufs U, Werner C. Effects of endurance training on serum lipids. Vascul Pharmacol 2018;101:9-20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vph.2017.11.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2017.11.005"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao Y, Zhang W, Zeng LQ, Bai H, Li J, Zhou J, Zhou GY, et al. Exercise and dietary intervention ameliorate high-fat diet-induced NAFLD and liver aging by inducing lipophagy. Redox Biol 2020;36:101635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101635"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muscella A, Stef\u00e0no E, Marsigliante S. The effects of exercise training on lipid metabolism and coronary heart disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020;319(1):H76-H88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00708.2019","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00708.2019"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zannis VI, Chroni A, Krieger M. Role of apoA-I, ABCA1, LCAT, and SR-BI in the biogenesis of HDL. J Mol Med (Berl) 2006;84(4):276-294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-005-0030-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-005-0030-4"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, Chapman MJ, et al. 2019 ESC\/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 2020;41(1):111-188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","DOI":"10.15829\/1560-4071-2020-3826"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fredrickson G, Barrow F, Dietsche K, Parthiban P, Khan S, Robert S, Demirchian M, et al. Exercise of high intensity ameliorates hepatic inflammation and the progression of NASH. Mol Metab 2021;53:101270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101270"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang N, Liu Y, Ma Y, Wen D. High-intensity interval versus moderate-intensity continuous training: Superior metabolic benefits in diet-induced obesity mice. Life Sci 2017;191:122-131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.08.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.08.023"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banitalebi E, Faramarzi M, Nasiri S, Mardaniyan M, Rabiee V. Effects of different exercise modalities on novel hepatic steatosis indices in overweight women with type 2 diabetes. Clin Mol Hepatol 2019;25(3):294-304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3350\/cmh.2018.0086","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2018.0086"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuan Z, Xiao-Wei L, Juan W, Xiu-Juan L, Nian-Yun Z, Lei S. HIIT and MICT attenuate high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and ER stress via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2022;78(3):641-652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13105-022-00884-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-022-00884-7"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Satapati S, Kucejova B, Duarte JA, Fletcher JA, Reynolds L, Sunny NE, He T, et al. Mitochondrial metabolism mediates oxidative stress and inflammation in fatty liver . J Clin Invest 2015;125(12):4447-4462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI82204","DOI":"10.1172\/jci82204"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aharoni-Simon M, Hann-Obercyger M, Pen S, Madar Z, Tirosh O. Fatty liver is associated with impaired activity of PPAR\u03b3-coactivator 1\u03b1 (PGC1\u03b1) and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice. Lab Invest 2011;91(7):1018-1028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/labinvest.2011.55","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2011.55"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koliaki C, Szendroedi J, Kaul K, Jelenik T, Nowotny P, Jankowiak F, Herder C, et al. Adaptation of hepatic mitochondrial function in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver is lost in steatohepatitis. Cell Metab 2015;21(5):739-746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.04.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.04.004"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laye MJ, Rector RS, Borengasser SJ, Naples SP, Uptergrove GM, Ibdah JA, Booth FW, et al. Cessation of daily wheel running differentially alters fat oxidation capacity in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. J Appl Physiol (1985).","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91186.2008"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Foulds CE, Trevi\u00f1o LS, York B, Walker CL. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017;13(8):445-457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2017.42","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.42"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garcia D, Hellberg K, Chaix A, Wallace M, Herzig S, Badur MG, Lin T, et al. Genetic Liver-Specific AMPK Activation Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity and NAFLD. Cell Rep 2019;26(1):192-208.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.12.036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.12.036"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Diniz TA, de Lima Junior EA, Teixeira AA, Biondo LA, da Rocha LAF, Valad\u00e3o IC, Silveira LS, et al. Aerobic training improves NAFLD markers and insulin resistance through AMPK-PPAR-\u03b1 signaling in obese mice. Life Sci 2021;266:118868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118868"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pawlak M, Lefebvre P, Staels B. Molecular mechanism of PPAR\u03b1 action and its impact on lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2015;62(3):720-733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.10.039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.10.039"}],"container-title":["Physiological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T12:09:30Z","timestamp":1714651770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biomed.cas.cz\/physiolres\/pdf\/2024\/73_265.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.935164","relation":{},"ISSN":["1802-9973","0862-8408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1802-9973","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0862-8408","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]}}}