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Moreover, simultaneous administration of inhaled NO (iNO) during PH exposure prevented adverse effects of PH on adult pulmonary vasculature in females. The present study showed that PH induced a significant increase in right ventricular pressure in males and females, and an enhanced sensitivity to acute hypoxia in females. PH significantly reduced acetylcholine-induced relaxation in pulmonary artery, to a greater extent in females than in males. PH led to right ventricular hypertrophy in adulthood, appearing earlier in males than in females. Morphometric measurements showed a significant increase in the number of 25-75-\u00b5m pulmonary vessels in male lungs following PH, probably resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance. The effects of prolonged hypoxia in adulthood differed between males and females. Perinatal iNO during PH prevented PH-induced alterations in the cardiopulmonary system, whereas perinatal iNO alone could have some adverse effects. Therefore, PH led to long-lasting alterations in the regulation of adult pulmonary circulation, which vary between males and females. In males, the increased pulmonary vascular resistance was associated with morphological changes besides functional alterations, whereas females showed an important pulmonary vascular dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T19:28:53Z","timestamp":1732303733000},"page":"S541-S556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-Term Adverse Effects of Perinatal Hypoxia on the Adult Pulmonary Circulation Vary Between Males and Females in a Murine Model"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"A-C","family":"Peyter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Res Lab, Dept Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne Univ Hosp and Univ Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 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