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This is even true in angiotensin-dependent hypertension of heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats in which sympathetic hyperactivity is increasing with age. Central sympathoexcitation in this hypertensive model can be inhibited by lower losartan doses than peripheral angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction. This experimental model also yielded important knowledge on nephroprotective effects of new therapeutic drugs - endothelin receptor type A blockers. A considerable part of sympathetic vasoconstriction is dependent on the interaction of Ca2+ sensitization (RhoA\/Rho kinase pathway) and Ca2+ influx (through L-VDCC). The blockade of these pathways prevents a major part of sympathetic vasoconstriction. Ca2+ sensitization seems to be attenuated in genetic hypertension in order to compensate increased Ca2+ influx. In contrast, enhanced Ca2+ sensitization is a hallmark of salt sensitivity in Dahl rats in which salt hypertension is dependent on increased Ca2+ influx. The attention should also be paid to the impairment of arterial baroreflex sensitivity which permits enhanced BP responses to pressor or depressor stimuli. Some abnormalities can be studied in blood vessels isolated from hypertensive rats but neither conduit arteries nor mesenteric resistance arteries represent the vascular beds decisive for the increased peripheral resistance and high BP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T08:56:44Z","timestamp":1738054604000},"page":"901-928","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Altered Balance between Vasoconstrictor and Vasodilator Systems in Experimental Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Zicha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Van\u011b\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Zicha J, \u0160tolba P, Pohlov\u00e1 I, Kunes J, Jel\u00ednek J. 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