{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:15:31Z","timestamp":1773274531569,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pelargonidin, a natural anthocyanidin, is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties, however its role in myocardial fibrosis remains unclear. This study explored the therapeutic potential of pelargonidin in a mouse model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis. Male C57BL\/6 mice were treated with ISO and subsequently administered either a low (20 mg\/kg\/day) or high (40 mg\/kg\/day) dose of pelargonidin, with captopril (15 mg\/kg\/day) serving as a reference control. Histological analysis revealed that pelargonidin significantly reduced collagen deposition in the myocardium in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular assessments showed decreased protein expression of \n\u03b1-SMA, COL3A1, and FN1, along with downregulation of \nTGF-\u03b2\/Smad2\/3 signaling, as evidenced by reduced levels of TGF-\u03b2 and phosphorylated Smad2\/3. Additionally, pelargonidin suppressed the expression of extracellular matrix-related genes and decreased circulating levels of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. These findings indicate that pelargonidin mitigates myocardial fibrosis by targeting the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad2\/3 pathway and modulating Th2-mediated immune responses. Overall, the results suggest that pelargonidin may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for myocardial fibrosis and related cardiovascular disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:49:12Z","timestamp":1773222552000},"page":"15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pelargonidin inhibits isoproterenol induced myocardial fibrosis via regulating transforming growth factor-\u03b2\/Smad2\/3 signaling and Th2 cytokines in mice"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1.\tShahim B, Kapelios CJ, Savarese G, Lund LH. 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