{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:04:31Z","timestamp":1784127871665,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>This proof-of-concept-study presents a novel microsensor based on specifically grafted functionalized glass for detection of low concentrated biomarkers in human fluids, gels, and for liquid biopsy. The device integrates functionalized nanofibers with grafted glass, creating an easy-to-use, rapid, and cost-effective biosensor. The approach combines fractionated nanofiber membranes with functionalized surfaces and light-scattering analysis on grafted glass which serves as a signal enhancer for data evaluation by light scattering. This method offers a novel tool for a quick evaluation of low concentrated protein samples. Experimental validation in this study confirmed its ability to identify low-abundance markers, supporting applications in precision medicine, tissue functional age assessment, and bacterial monitoring. Compared with conventional laboratory assays, optical sensors built on functionalized glass enable rapid, sensitive, and multiplexed biomarker detection directly at the point of care. We observed distinct changes in light transmittance caused by specific interactions between microsized particles and antibodies immobilized on the glass surface. This principle can also be applied to the direct detection of micrometer-scale systems such as bacteria, enabling fast urine analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:16:04Z","timestamp":1784124964000},"page":"613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microsensors for a Quick Detection of Tissue Functional Age and Precision Medicine"],"prefix":"10.33549","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Sperlongano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Vjaclovsk\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Mich\u00e1lek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Bla\u017ekov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Pashchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Varva\u0159ovsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Findelarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Sopko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Jaro\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Ne\u010das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Amler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"19169","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1.\tKargozar S, Kermani F, Mollazadeh Beidokhti S, Hamzehlou S, Vern\u00e9 E, Ferraris S, Baino F. Functionalization and surface modifications of bioactive glasses (BGs): tailoring of the biological response working on the outermost surface layer. Materials (Basel) 2019;12:3696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12223696","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12223696"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2.\tZhang E, Ferraris S, Prenesti P, Vern\u00e9 E. Surface functionalization of bioactive glasses with natural molecules of biological significance. Appl Surf Sci 2013;287:329-340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsusc.2013.09.151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2013.09.151"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3.\tAina V, Magistris C, Cerrato G, Martra G, Viscardi G, Lusvardi G, Malavasi G, et al. New formulation of functionalized bioactive glasses to be used as carriers for the development of pH-stimuli responsive biomaterials for bone diseases. Langmuir 2014;30:4703-4715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/la5003989","DOI":"10.1021\/la5003989"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4.\tChen S, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhao S, Chen M, Li X, Maitz MF, et al. Application of phenol\/amine copolymerized film modified magnesium alloys: anticorrosion and surface biofunctionalization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015;7:24510-24522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.5b05851","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b05851"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5.\tDalvi H, De Nisco NJ. The evolving world of the urinary microbiome. Curr Opin Urol 2024;34:422-427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOU.0000000000001222","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000001222"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6.\tSaenz CN, Neugent ML, De Nisco NJ. The human urinary microbiome and its potential role in urinary tract infections. Eur Urol Focus 2024;10:889-892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2024.12.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2024.12.005"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7.\tGenovese F, Manresa AA, Leeming DJ, Karsdal MA, Boor P. The extracellular matrix in the kidney: a source of novel non-invasive biomarkers of kidney fibrosis? Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2014;7:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1755-1536-7-4","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-7-4"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8.\tShigenaga MK, Gimeno CJ, Ames BN. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine as a biological marker of in vivo oxidative DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989;86:9697-9701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.86.24.9697","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.24.9697"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9.\tHasselbalch HC, Junker P, Skov V, Kj\u00e6r L, Knudsen TA, Larsen MK, et al. Revisiting circulating extracellular matrix fragments as disease markers in myelofibrosis and related neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023;15:4323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15174323","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15174323"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10.\tSantelli A, Sun IO, Eirin A, Abumoawad AM, Woollard JR, Lerman A, et al. Senescent kidney cells in hypertensive patients release urinary extracellular vesicles. J Am Heart Assoc 2019;8:e012584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.012584","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012584"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11.\tUrbanelli L, Buratta S, Sagini K, Tancini B, Emiliani C. Extracellular vesicles as new players in cellular senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17:1408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17091408","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091408"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12.\tMukli P, Wu DH, Csipo T, Owens CD, Lipecz A, Racz FS, et al. Urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress in aging: implications for prediction of accelerated biological age in prospective cohort studies. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022;2022:6110226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6110226","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6110226"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13.\tGanesh BH, Padinjarathil H, Rajendran RL, Ramani P, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. The role of extracellular vesicles in aging and age-related disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2025;14:177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox14020177","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14020177"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14.\tD'Anca M, Fenoglio C, Serpente M, Arosio B, Cesari M, Scarpini EA, Galimberti D. Exosome determinants of physiological aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2019;11:232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00232","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00232"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15.\tPloussard G, Haese A, Van Poppel H, Marberger M, Stenzl A, Mulders PFA, et al. The prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) urine test in men with previous negative biopsies: does free-to-total prostate-specific antigen ratio influence the performance of the PCA3 score in predicting positive biopsies? BJU Int 2010;106:1143-1147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09286.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09286.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16.\tOpoku Mensah B, Fondjo LA, Owiredu WKBA, Adusei B. Urinary PCA3 a superior diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer among Ghanaian men. Dis Markers 2022;2022:1686991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/1686991","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1686991"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17.\tWang L, He W, Shi G, Zhao G, Cen Y, Xu F, et al. Accuracy of novel urinary biomarker tests in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022;12:1048876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.1048876","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1048876"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18.\tLiu Y, Hatano K, Nonomura N. Liquid biomarkers in prostate cancer diagnosis: current status and emerging prospects. World J Mens Health 2025;43:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5534\/wjmh.230386","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.230386"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19.\tCosti CG, Sartori S, Danuso R, Piasentin A, Umari P, Liguori G. Urinary markers for prostate cancer: state of the art. Appl Biosci 2025;4:24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/applbiosci4020024","DOI":"10.3390\/applbiosci4020024"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20.\tBia\u0142ek \u0141, Czerwi\u0144ska K, Fus \u0141, Krajewski W, Sadowska A, Radziszewski P, et al. MCM5 urine expression (ADXBLADDER) is a reliable biomarker of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer recurrence: a prospective matched case-control study. Cancer Biomark 2021;30:139-143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/CBM-200316","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-200316"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21.\tDamborsk\u00fd P, \u0160vitel J, Katrl\u00edk J. Optical biosensors. Essays Biochem 2016;60:91-100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/EBC20150010","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20150010"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"22.\tSenescence 2030 Initiative. 2024, Linking aging mechanisms to diagnostics: a European framework for biomarker-based screening. Accessed 18 February 2026. https:\/\/senescence2030.eu"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23.\tAlnaser-Almusa O, Mahmoud M, Ilyas M, Adwan R, Abul Rub F, Alnaser-Almusa N, Mustafa F, et al. Recent advances in aptamer-based biosensing technology for isolation and detection of extracellular vesicles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2025;13:1555687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2025.1555687","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1555687"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24.\tSmelik M, Diaz-Roncero Gonzalez D, An X, Heer R, Henningsohn L, Li X, Wang H, et al. Combining spatial transcriptomics, pseudotime, and machine learning enables discovery of biomarkers for prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2025;85:2514-2526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-25-0269","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-25-0269"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25.\tSerra D, Bellu E, Garroni G, Cruciani S, Sarais G, Dessi D, et al. Hydrolat of Helichrysum italicum promotes tissue regeneration during wound healing. Physiol Res 2023;72:809-818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.935101","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935101"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26.\tNecas A, Pl\u00e1nka L, Srnec R, Crha M, Hlu\u010dilov\u00e1 J, Kl\u00edma J, et al. Quality of newly formed cartilaginous tissue in defects of articular surface after transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in a composite scaffold based on collagen I with chitosan micro- and nanofibres. Physiol Res 2010;59:605-614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.931725","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931725"}],"container-title":["Physiological Research"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:16:07Z","timestamp":1784124967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.biomed.cas.cz\/physiolres\/pdf\/2026\/75_613.pdf"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.935726","relation":{},"ISSN":["0862-8408","1802-9973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0862-8408","type":"print"},{"value":"1802-9973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]}}}