{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T04:14:52Z","timestamp":1728360892596},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aerosp med hum perform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> An aircraft\u2019s orientation relative to the ground cannot be perceived via the sense of balance or the somatosensory system. When devoid of external visual references, the pilot must rely on instruments. A sudden unexpected instrument indication is a challenge\n to the pilot, who might have to question the instrument instead of responding with the controls. In this case report we analyze, from a human-factors perspective, how a limited instrument failure led to a fatal accident.<jats:bold>CASE REPORT:<\/jats:bold> During straight-ahead level flight in darkness,\n at 33,000 ft, the commander of a civil cargo airplane was suddenly confronted by an erroneous pitch-up indication on his primary flight display. He responded by pushing the control column forward, making a bunt maneuver with reduced\/negative G<jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub> during approximately 15 s. The pilots\n did not communicate rationally or cross-check instruments. Recordings of elevator and aileron positions suggest that the commander made intense efforts to correct for several extreme and erroneous roll and pitch indications. G<jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub> displayed an increasing trend with rapid fluctuations\n and peaks of approximately 3 G. After 50 s the aircraft entered a turn with decreasing radius and finally hit the ground in an inverted attitude.<jats:bold>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:bold> A precipitate maneuvring response can, even if occurring in a large aircraft at high altitude, result in a seemingly inexorable\n course of events, ending with a crash. In the present case both pilots were probably incapacitated by acute psychological stress and spatial disorientation. Intense variations in G<jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub> may have impaired the copilot\u2019s reading of the functioning primary flight display.Tribukait\n A, Eiken O. <jats:italic>Instrument failure, stress, and spatial disorientation leading to a fatal crash with a large aircraft<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(11):1043\u20131048.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.4885.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T03:17:00Z","timestamp":1508383020000},"page":"1043-1048","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Instrument Failure, Stress, and Spatial Disorientation Leading to a Fatal Crash With a Large Aircraft"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Arne","family":"Tribukait","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Eiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1911","container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/88\/11\/article-p1043.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/88\/11\/article-p1043.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/88\/11\/article-p1043.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:24:00Z","timestamp":1728303840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/88\/11\/article-p1043.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.4885.2017","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2375-6314"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2375-6322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]}}}