{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:54:29Z","timestamp":1792130069195,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aerosp med hum perform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> The cold pressor test (CPT) involves acute hand or foot exposure to cold water. CPT hyper-responders have unique traits, including risk of hypertension and a greater vasoconstrictor reserve and g force tolerance compared to hypo-responders. The purpose of this study\n was to uncover differences in cardiovascular and sympathetic biomarkers between responder types.<jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Healthy volunteers (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 30) submerged one hand into cold water (3.3 \u00b1 0.8\u00b0C) for 5 min. Blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and cardiac parameters were\n recorded using an automated monitor, impedance cardiography, and a beat-to-beat monitoring system. We analyzed for salivary \u03b1-amylase (S\u03b1A), which is a convenient biomarker of the sympathetic nervous system. Subjects were stratified post hoc into hyper-responders (\u2265 22 mmHg)\n and hypo-responders (&lt; 22 mmHg) based on change in systolic blood pressure during CPT.<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Hyper-responders had a significantly lower baseline heart rate (64 \u00b1 7 bpm), cardiac output (5.6 \u00b1 0.9 L \u00b7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), and S\u03b1A (60 \u00b1 37\n U \u00b7 mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) compared to hypo-responders (73 \u00b1 9 bpm, 6.9 \u00b1 1.3 L \u00b7 min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 165 \u00b1 122 U \u00b7 mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). During the cold immersion, hyper-responders had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (150 \u00b1\n 14 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (91 \u00b1 10 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (129 \u00b1 17 mmHg), and systemic vascular resistance (1780 \u00b1 640 dyn \u00b7 s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> \u00b7 cm<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>) than hypo-responders (130 \u00b1 14 mmHg, 81 \u00b1 10 mmHg, 110\n \u00b1 9 mmHg, 1290 \u00b1 220 dyn \u00b7 s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> \u00b7 cm<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>). The change in systolic blood pressure correlated with baseline S\u03b1A (r = \u22120.455, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.011) and baseline heart rate (r = \u22120.374, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.042).<jats:bold>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:bold>\n Baseline characteristics influenced by sympathetic tone such as S\u03b1A, heart rate, and cardiac output are indicative of responses to CPT. Our data supports the use of baseline values to predict blood pressure response to acute cold exposure and indicates an intrinsic difference between\n CPT responder phenotypes.<jats:bold>Youssef M, Ghassemi A, Carvajal Gonczi CM, Kugathasan TA, Kilgour RD, Darlington PJ. <jats:italic>Low baseline sympathetic tone correlates to a greater blood pressure change in the cold pressor test<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(6):503\u2013509.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.4943.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T04:42:51Z","timestamp":1527050571000},"page":"503-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Low Baseline Sympathetic Tone Correlates to a Greater Blood Pressure Change in the Cold Pressor Test"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Marylen","family":"Youssef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Ghassemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina Marysol","family":"Carvajal Gonczi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiffya Arabi","family":"Kugathasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Kilgour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Darlington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1911","container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/89\/6\/article-p503.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/89\/6\/article-p503.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/89\/6\/article-p503.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:27:38Z","timestamp":1728304058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/89\/6\/article-p503.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.4943.2018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}}}