{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:16:59Z","timestamp":1773285419941,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aerosp med hum perform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) toxicity could be catastrophic for astronauts. Suppressing metabolism by lowering body temperature decreases CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production and may facilitate rescue in the event of a crippled ship. Lowering body temperature requires shivering\n suppression. We evaluated dexmedetomidine to facilitate cooling of healthy individuals.<jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Following consent, we administered a 1 mcg \u00b7 kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> bolus of dexmedetomidine followed by continuous infusion (0.5\u20131.4 mcg \u00b7 kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> \u00b7\n h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) for 3 h of cooling. We cooled subjects using a bolus of 30 cc \u00b7 kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of 4\u00b0C saline followed by surface cooling. We measured vital signs, thermal and comfort scales, sedation, and shivering for 3 h and during recovery. ANOVA evaluated changes\n in measures over time.<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Nine subjects completed the study. Mean age was 31 (SD 8) yr, mean mass was 71 (SD 14) kg, height of 168 (SD 9) cm, and body mass index of 25 (SD 3). Median time to 1\u00b0C drop in core temperature was 16 (IQR 15, 32) min. Temperature changed over\n time with median lowest temperature being 33.1\u00b0C (IQR 32.8\u00b0C, 34.1\u00b0C). Neither heart rate nor diastolic blood pressures changed over time. Systolic blood pressure decreased over time. Subjects responded to verbal stimuli and completed tasks throughout the protocol. During cooling\n and maintenance, subjects reported discomfort and the sensation of being cold.<jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold> Dexmedetomidine facilitates shivering suppression during prolonged cooling in healthy individuals. Subjects are easily roused, have mild decreases in systolic blood pressure, and note sensations\n of discomfort and cold. Cooling to suppress metabolism is a feasible countermeasure to prolong astronaut endurance.<jats:bold>Rittenberger JC, Flickinger KL, Weissman A, Repine M, Elmer J, Guyette FX, Callaway CW. <jats:italic>Cooling to facilitate metabolic suppression in healthy individuals<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp\n Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(5):475\u2013479.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.5284.2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T04:44:52Z","timestamp":1556253892000},"page":"475-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cooling to Facilitate Metabolic Suppression in Healthy Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Jon C.","family":"Rittenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Flickinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Weissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Repine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Elmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis X.","family":"Guyette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clifton W.","family":"Callaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1911","container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/90\/5\/article-p475.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/90\/5\/article-p475.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/90\/5\/article-p475.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:02:28Z","timestamp":1740787348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/90\/5\/article-p475.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.5284.2019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]}}}