{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:03:40Z","timestamp":1791932620016,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aerosp med hum perform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) is a mode of transportation designed to expedite the transport of a patient. Compared to other modes of emergency transport and other areas of aviation, historically HEMS has had the highest accident-related fatality rates.\n Analysis of these accident data has revealed factors associated with an increased likelihood of accident-based fatalities. Here we report the results of an analysis on the likelihood of a fatality based on various factors as a result of a HEMS accident, employing a Bayesian framework.\n                    <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A retrospective study was conducted using data extracted from the NTSB aviation accident database from April 31, 2005, to April 26, 2018. Evidence from Baker et al. (2006) was also used as prior information spanning from January 1, 1983, to April 30, 2005.\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A Bayesian logistic\n regression was implemented using the prior information and current data to calculate a posterior distribution confidence interval of possible values in predicting accident fatality. The results of the model indicate that flying at night (OR 3.06; 95 C.I 2.14, 4.48; PoD 100), flying under Instrument\n Flight Rules (OR 7.54; 95 C.I 3.94, 14.44; PoD 100), and post-crash fires (OR 18.73; 95 C.I 10.07, 34.12; PoD 100) significantly contributed to the higher likelihood of a fatality.\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Our results provide a comprehensive analysis of the most influential factors associated\n with an increased likelihood of a fatal accident occurring. We found that over the past 35 yr these factors were consistently associated with a higher likelihood of a fatality occurring.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Simonson RJ, Keebler JR, Chaparro A.\n                      <jats:italic>A Bayesian approach on investigating helicopter emergency\n medical fatal accidents.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):563569\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.5523.2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T07:26:05Z","timestamp":1631258765000},"page":"563-569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Bayesian Approach on Investigating Helicopter Emergency Medical Fatal Accidents"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Simonson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Keebler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Chaparro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.11.018","article-title":"EMS helicopter crashes: what influences fatal outcome?","volume":"47","author":"Baker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.11.1037","article-title":"Factors associated with pilot fatality in work-related aircraft crashes, Alaska, 1990-1999","volume":"154","author":"Bensyl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120390937175","article-title":"Air medical helicopter accidents in the United States: a five-year review","volume":"7","author":"Bledsoe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000109001.35996.AF","article-title":"Medical helicopter accidents in the United States: a 10-year review","volume":"56","author":"Bledsoe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"issue":"6","key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000196489.19928.c0","article-title":"Helicopter scene transport of trauma patients with nonlife-threatening injuries: a meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Bledsoe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"B6","author":"Blumen","year":"2009"},{"key":"B7","year":"2017"},{"key":"B8","author":"Gabry","year":"2020"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470057339.vap039","article-title":"Prior distribution","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Environmetrics.","author":"Gelman","year":"2006"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b16018-16","article-title":"Basics of Markov chain simulation","volume-title":"Bayesian Data Analysis.","author":"Gelman","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1214\/08-AOAS191","article-title":"A weakly informative default prior distribution for logistic and other regression models","volume":"2","author":"Gelman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Appl Stat."},{"key":"B12","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2001.tb00201.x","article-title":"The golden hour: scientific fact or medical urban legend?","volume":"8","author":"Lerner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02767","article-title":"Indices of effect existence and significance in the Bayesian framework","volume":"10","author":"Makowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720818771904","article-title":"Understanding human error in naval aviation mishaps","volume":"60","author":"Miranda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Factors."},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000122","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2017-000122","article-title":"Faster on-scene times associated with decreased mortality in helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) transported trauma patients","volume":"2","author":"Pham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open."},{"issue":"2","key":"B17","first-page":"168","article-title":"Evaluation of the helicopter in aeromedical transfers","volume":"50","author":"Reddick","year":"1979","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4375(95)00001-1","article-title":"Influence of color on fire vehicle accidents","volume":"26","author":"Solomon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Safety Res."},{"key":"B19","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics.","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2019"},{"key":"B20","author":"Vehtari","year":"2019"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"Pareto smoothed importance sampling","author":"Vehtari","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/92\/7\/article-p563.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/92\/7\/article-p563.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/92\/7\/article-p563.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T19:01:36Z","timestamp":1740078096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/92\/7\/article-p563.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.5523.2021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}}}