{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:12:40Z","timestamp":1778285560377,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aerosp med hum perform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:bold> Hypoxia-induced hyperventilation is an effect of acute altitude exposure, which may lead to respiratory muscle fatigue and secondary locomotor muscle fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine if resistive and\/or endurance respiratory muscle training (RRMT\n and ERMT, respectively) vs. placebo respiratory muscle training (PRMT) improve cycling performance at altitude.<jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> There were 24 subjects who were assigned to PRMT (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> 8), RRMT (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> 8), or ERMT (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> 8). Subjects cycled to exhaustion in a hypobaric chamber decompressed\n to 3657 m (12,000 ft) at an intensity of 55% sea level maximal oxygen consumption (Vo<jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>) before and after respiratory muscle training (RMT). Additionally, subjects completed a Vo<jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>, pulmonary function, and respiratory endurance test (RET) before and after RMT. All\n RMT protocols consisted of three 30-min training sessions per week for 4 wk.<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> The RRMT group increased maximum inspiratory (P<jats:sub>Imax<\/jats:sub>) and expiratory (P<jats:sub>Emax<\/jats:sub>) mouth pressure after RMT (P<jats:sub>Imax<\/jats:sub>: 117.7 11.6 vs. 162.6 20.0; P<jats:sub>Emax<\/jats:sub>: 164.0 33.2\n vs. 216.5 44.1 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O). The ERMT group increased RET after RMT (5.2 5.2 vs.18.6 16.9 min). RMT did not improve Vo<jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub> in any group. Both RRMT and ERMT groups increased cycling time to exhaustion (RRMT: 35.9 17.2 vs. 45.6 22.2 min and ERMT: 33.8 9.6 vs. 42.9 27.0 min).<jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold>\n Despite different improvements in pulmonary function, 4 wk of RRMT and ERMT both improved cycle time to exhaustion at altitude.<jats:bold>Wheelock CE, Hess HW, Johnson BD, Schlader ZJ, Clemency BM, St. James E, Hostler D. <jats:italic>Endurance and resistance respiratory muscle training and aerobic exercise\n performance in hypobaric hypoxia<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(10):776784.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.5624.2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T04:40:02Z","timestamp":1601354402000},"page":"776-784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Endurance and Resistance Respiratory Muscle Training and Aerobic Exercise Performance in Hypobaric Hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Courtney E.","family":"Wheelock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayden W.","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blair D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary J.","family":"Schlader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Clemency","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"St. James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hostler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01970","article-title":"Putative role of respiratory muscle training to improve endurance performance in hypoxia: a review","volume":"9","author":"lvarez-Herms","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R2036","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00442.2007","article-title":"Inspiratory muscle work in acute hypoxia influences locomotor muscle fatigue and exercise performance of healthy humans","volume":"293","author":"Amann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.1.82","article-title":"Hypoxic effects on exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue in normal healthy humans","volume":"78","author":"Babcock","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2185-8","article-title":"Inspiratory muscle training abolishes the blood lactate increase associated with volitional hyperpnoea superimposed on exercise and accelerates lactate and oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise","volume":"112","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4421.2016","article-title":"Equivalent air altitude and the alveolar gas equation","volume":"87","author":"Conkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform."},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13728-014-0021-6","article-title":"The physiological effects of hypobaric hypoxia versus normobaric hypoxia: a systematic review of crossover trials","volume":"4","author":"Coppel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Extrem Physiol Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2006.08.006","article-title":"Effects of inspiratory muscle training on exercise responses in normoxia and hypoxia","volume":"156","author":"Downey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318269f73f","article-title":"Effects of respiratory muscle training on performance in athletes: a systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"27","author":"HajGhanbari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.2.609","article-title":"Effects of respiratory muscle work on cardiac output and its distribution during maximal exercise","volume":"85","author":"Harms","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.1.131","article-title":"Effects of respiratory muscle work on exercise performance","volume":"89","author":"Harms","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00584.2012","article-title":"Relative effects of submersion and increased pressure on respiratory mechanics, work, and energy cost of breathing","volume":"114","author":"Held","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4405.2016","article-title":"Respiratory muscle training and exercise endurance at altitude","volume":"87","author":"Helfer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.5138.2018","article-title":"Respiratory muscle training effects on performance in hypo- and hyperbaria","volume":"89","author":"Hess","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262290","article-title":"Effect of respiratory muscle training on exercise performance in healthy individuals a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Illi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1286-0","article-title":"Respiratory muscle endurance training: effect on normoxic and hypoxic exercise performance","volume":"108","author":"Keramidas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0390-7","article-title":"Isocapnic hyperpnea training improves performance in competitive male runners","volume":"99","author":"Leddy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib17","first-page":"169","article-title":"Resistive respiratory muscle training improves and maintains endurance swimming performance in divers","volume":"34","author":"Lindholm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2718.2010","article-title":"Inspiratory muscle training, altitude, and arterial oxygen desaturation: a preliminary investigation","volume":"81","author":"Lomax","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4780.2017","article-title":"Inspiratory muscle training effects on cycling during acute hypoxic exposure","volume":"88","author":"Lomax","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.5.2059","article-title":"Effect of respiratory muscle fatigue on subsequent exercise performance","volume":"70","author":"Mador","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01187.x","article-title":"The influence of peripheral afferent signals on the rating of perceived exertion and time to exhaustion during exercise at different intensities","volume":"48","author":"Pires","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychophysiology."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib22","first-page":"185","article-title":"Respiratory muscle training improves swimming endurance at depth","volume":"35","author":"Ray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1275-3","article-title":"Respiratory muscle training reduces the work of breathing at depth","volume":"108","author":"Ray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"bib24","first-page":"133","article-title":"Influence of inspiratory muscle training on ventilatory efficiency and cycling performance in normoxia and hypoxia","volume":"8","author":"Salazar-Martnez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"issue":"Pt. 18","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.18.3121","article-title":"Limits of human lung function at high altitude","volume":"204","author":"Schoene","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Biol."},{"issue":"Pt. 1","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0277k.x","article-title":"Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex reduction in resting leg blood flow in humans","volume":"537","author":"Sheel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.4.366","article-title":"Expiratory muscle training and sensation of respiratory effort during exercise in normal subjects","volume":"50","author":"Suzuki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-109","article-title":"Effect of acute hypoxia on respiratory muscle fatigue in healthy humans","volume":"11","author":"Verges","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"issue":"Pt. 3","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.140855","article-title":"Inspiratory muscle training attenuates the human respiratory muscle metaboreflex","volume":"584","author":"Witt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0359-6","article-title":"Respiratory muscle training improves swimming endurance in divers","volume":"99","author":"Wylegala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol."}],"container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/91\/10\/article-p776.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/91\/10\/article-p776.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/91\/10\/article-p776.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:23:05Z","timestamp":1728303785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/91\/10\/article-p776.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.5624.2020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}}}