{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:42:04Z","timestamp":1793263324368,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aerosp med hum perform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:bold> Recent reports of in-flight, hypoxia-like events have prompted concern that aircraft life support systems (LSS) may not always provide effective altitude protection. An analysis was undertaken of hypoxia-like incidents reported in a UK front-line combat aircraft.<jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold>\n A search of the UK Aviation Safety Information Management System database identified all Typhoon Defense Air Safety Occurrence Reports (DASORs) notifying in-flight symptoms over the decade 20082017. Qualitative analysis focused on the event narrative, altitude profile, timeline, symptom description,\n sortie characteristics, LSS function, postflight engineering investigation, and training implications. The plausibility and likelihood of hypobaric hypoxia were assessed, and the probable cause of symptoms ascribed.<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> There were 18 DASORs with notified symptoms of suspected\n in-flight hypoxia, 13 in solo pilots and 5 reports of symptoms affecting 7 of 10 aircrew in 2-seat aircraft. Two cases of probable hypoxia comprised one oxygen bottle failure and one mask-off cabin depressurization. In one report, hypoxia was assessed as plausible but unlikely, following birdstrike\n with failure of cabin pressurization during climb. Symptoms were explained by hyperventilation in 13 cases (65%) and twice by minor constitutional upset. Suspected hypoxia was managed by immediate selection of emergency oxygen and expedited descent in 10 of 18 occurrences (56%).<jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold>\n Only 2 cases of probable hypoxia have been reported in over 150,000 Typhoon flying hours. The Typhoon LSS has provided effective altitude protection including during cases of cabin depressurization. Symptom occurrences in Typhoon are idiosyncratic and unrelated; hyperventilation probably accounts\n for two-thirds of reports.<jats:bold>Connolly DM, Lee VM, McGown AS, Green NDC. <jats:italic>Hypoxia-like events in UK Typhoon aircraft from 2008 to 2017.<\/jats:italic> Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(4):257264.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.5719.2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T04:58:55Z","timestamp":1616475535000},"page":"257-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hypoxia-Like Events in UK Typhoon Aircraft from 2008 to 2017"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Desmond M.","family":"Connolly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivienne M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda S.","family":"McGown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas D. 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