{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:13:35Z","timestamp":1788308015718,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aerosp med hum perform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:bold> This study investigated the effectiveness and identified the cutoff values of the computer-based Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue (CFM-100) test for screening color vision deficiencies in the pre-employment examination of civil aviators in China.<jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Firstly,\n subjects were stratified into normal, color weakness, and color blindness with the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plate test (IPPT) by two ophthalmologists. Then they randomly completed CFM-100 and Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue (FM-100) tests. Total error scores (TES) and the time taken for the\n CFM-100 and FM-100 were analyzed and the cutoff values for the CFM-100 were determined.<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Of 218 subjects, 159 were normal while 59 were diagnosed with dyschromatopsia. The TES of the CFM-100 were congruent with those of the FM-100 (20.0 \u00b1 18.8 vs. 20.6 \u00b1 17.7,\n 160.9 \u00b1 66.0 vs. 151.1 \u00b1 66.4). The testing time for the CFM-100, however, was less than the FM-100 (10.3 \u00b1 2.8 min vs. 12.9 \u00b1 2.9 min, 7.8 \u00b1 2.5 min vs. 12.6 \u00b1 3.3 min). The correlation coefficient R was 0.93 and Cohen\u2019s kappa was 0.89 for the\n two methods. Further analyses defined 34 as the cutoff value to differentiate excellent from fair color discrimination (sensitivity 58.0%, specificity 94.7%) and 101 as the cutoff value to judge fair vs. poor (sensitivity and specificity both 98.8%) for the CFM-100. The cut-off value was 72\n for distinguishing normal from defective color vision (sensitivity 96.6%, specificity 98.7%) and 110 was for distinguishing color weakness from color blindness (sensitivity 97.6%, specificity 97.7%) for the CFM-100.<jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> The CFM-100 is an effective method for the diagnosis\n of dyschromatopsia with high sensitivity in screening airline pilots.<jats:bold>Zhang Y, Ma J, Cheng S, Hu W. <jats:italic>A computer-based Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue (CFM-100) test in pilots\u2019 medical assessments. Aerosp Med Hum Perform<\/jats:italic>. 2022; 93(4):362\u2013367.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.5943.2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T04:50:46Z","timestamp":1648702246000},"page":"362-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Computer-Based Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue (CFM-100) Test in Pilots\u2019 Medical 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