{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:57:00Z","timestamp":1782845820930,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aerosp med hum perform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Migraine is a common disorder with significant aeromedical implications. The variability and unpredictable nature of occurrences hampers accurate assessment of future risk. This uncertainty results in a necessarily conservative approach to aeromedical recommendations,\n which unfortunately may lead to over-restrictive dispositions. Limited long-term follow up information is available on migraine outcomes in pilots, particularly assessing for impact of potential modifiable aggravating factors.<jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> This retrospective study reviewed 159 U.S. Air\n Force pilots with migraine who had been granted aeromedical waivers. As a comparison group, 44 U.S. Air Force flight surgeons with migraine who had been granted aeromedical waivers were reviewed.<jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Migraine with aura and isolated migraine aura without headache accounted for\n the majority of migraine subtypes in both male and female subjects. Self-identified triggering factors were identified by 62% of subjects. The most commonly reported triggers were dietary factors, sleep disturbances, stress, caffeine intake, and hormonal factors. Sleep disturbances, stress,\n hormonal factors, and ethanol triggers were more frequently noted in female subjects. Self-reported positive response to trigger factor modification was noted in 54% of subjects. Subjects reported an average of only 3 migraine attacks in the previous year. Long-term follow up indicated continued\n aeromedical waiver in 91% of subjects.<jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> The majority of subjects had migraine with aura or isolated migraine aura. Significant salutary response to modification of commonly-reported triggering factors was noted. These findings can be incorporated into individualized aeromedically-compatible\n management strategies to clarify symptom impact on aviation safety, improve symptom control, and increase the possibility of safe return to fly recommendations.<jats:bold>Hesselbrock RR, Haynes JT. <jats:italic>Migraine history and outcomes in military pilots and flight surgeons<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform.\n 2022; 93(1):26-31.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.5980.2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T04:36:46Z","timestamp":1642826206000},"page":"26-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Migraine History and Outcomes in Military Pilots and Flight Surgeons"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Roger R.","family":"Hesselbrock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared T.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04643-8","article-title":"Gender-related differences in migraine","volume":"41","author":"Allais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000301","article-title":"A qualitative, systems thinking approach to study self-management in women with migraine","volume":"67","author":"Befus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs Res."},{"issue":"4, Headache","key":"B3","first-page":"1023","article-title":"The migraine postdrome","volume":"24","author":"Bose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)."},{"issue":"4","key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.06.001","article-title":"Migraine: Epidemiology, Burden, and Comorbidity","volume":"37","author":"Burch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Clin."},{"issue":"2","key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30435-0","article-title":"The pathophysiology of migraine: implications for clinical management","volume":"17","author":"Charles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2515816318759304","article-title":"Safety profile of a special butterbur extract from Petasites hybridus in migraine prevention with emphasis on the liver","volume":"1","author":"Diener","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia Reports."},{"issue":"9","key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13426","article-title":"Improving medical communication in migraine management: a modified Delphi study to develop a digital migraine tracker","volume":"58","author":"Dodick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"B8","year":"2021"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Identifying acute migraine triggers","author":"Friedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology Reviews."},{"issue":"10","key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.5688.2020","article-title":"Migraine prophylaxis using novel monoclonal antibody injections in a commercial pilot","volume":"91","author":"Garber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform."},{"issue":"article222","key":"B11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sex-specific pharmacotherapy for migraine: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Gazerani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"B12","first-page":"165","article-title":"GBD 2017 US Neurologic Disorders Collaborators. Burden of neurologic disorders across the US from 1990-2017 \u2013 a Global Burden of Disease survey","volume":"78","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827f100c","article-title":"Migraine triggers: harnessing the messages of clinical practice","volume":"80","author":"Goadsby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B14","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"B15","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders","volume":"38","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.5491.2020","article-title":"Migraine history and recurrence in military pilot applicants","volume":"91","author":"Hesselbrock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform."},{"issue":"5","key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.3867.2014","article-title":"Neurology cases evaluated by the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine 2000 \u2013 2012","volume":"85","author":"Hesselbrock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med."},{"issue":"4, Headache","key":"B18","first-page":"996","article-title":"The migraine premonitory phase","volume":"24","author":"Karsan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)."},{"issue":"12","key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-018-0734-0","article-title":"Triggers, protectors, and triggers in episodic migraine","volume":"22","author":"Marmura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j1805","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1805","article-title":"Complementary and integrative medicine in the management of headache","volume":"357","author":"Millstine","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13212","article-title":"Meta\u2010synthesis on migraine management","volume":"58","author":"Minen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"10","key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12468","article-title":"Trigger factors and premonitory features of migraine attacks: summary of studies","volume":"54","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"6","key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417727535","article-title":"Perceived triggers of primary headache disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Pellegrino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"5","key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416649761","article-title":"Towards improved migraine management: Determining potential trigger factors in individual patients","volume":"37","author":"Peris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"8","key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e016670","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016670","article-title":"Non-pharmacological self-management for people living with migraine or tension-type headache: a systematic review including analysis of intervention components","volume":"7","author":"Probyn","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"2","key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0623-6","article-title":"Non-pharmacological approaches for migraine","volume":"15","author":"Puledda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics."},{"issue":"11","key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.86a.19009","article-title":"SEEDS for success: lifestyle management in migraine","volume":"86","author":"Robblee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med."},{"key":"B28","first-page":"48","year":"1999"},{"issue":"2","key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-019-0750-8","article-title":"Complementary and integrative medicine for episodic migraine: an update of evidence from the last 3 Years","volume":"23","author":"Wells","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13148","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine use among US adults with headache or migraine: results from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Headache."}],"container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/93\/1\/article-p26.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/93\/1\/article-p26.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/93\/1\/article-p26.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:18:23Z","timestamp":1728303503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/93\/1\/article-p26.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.5980.2022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}}}