{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:49:28Z","timestamp":1774975768463,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Maintenance and disposition of decedent remains during spaceflight require the isolation of biohazardous products of decomposition in microgravity and in the absence of refrigeration. Containment and isolation options would preferably offer sufficient time to enable crew and ground support teams to determine appropriate disposition of remains and even potentially return remains to the Earth. The pilot study described herein undertook an effort to develop a postmortem containment unit for the isolation and maintenance of decedent remains in a microgravity environment.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\n<jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Commercial off-the-shelf containment units were modified to meet the needs of a microgravity spaceflight environment and to offer the best likelihood of successful containment and management of remains. A subsequent evaluation of modified containment unit performance was undertaken utilizing human cadavers, with measurement and analysis of volatile off-gassing over time followed by impact testing of the units containing cadaverous remains in a simulated spaceflight vehicle seat.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\n<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Modifications were implemented without significant negative design impact. Failure was observed in one modified unit after 9 d and attributed to improper filter application. The remaining unit successfully contained remains beyond the intended endpoint of the study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\n<jats:bold>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:bold> These pilot efforts offer important insight into the development of effective postmortem containment options for future spaceflight. Further study is needed to ensure repeatability of the findings and to further characterize the failure modes of the modified units evaluated, the impact of microgravity conditions, and the identification of additional modifications that would improve remains disposition.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>\n<jats:bold>Houser T, Lindgren KN, Mazuchowski EL II, Barratt MR, Haines DC, Jayakody M, Blue RS, Bytheway JA, Stepaniak PC. <jats:italic>Remains containment considerations for death in low-Earth orbit<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(5):368\u2013376.<\/jats:bold>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.6146.2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T04:36:52Z","timestamp":1681792612000},"page":"368-376","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Remains Containment Considerations for Death in Low-Earth Orbit"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Travis","family":"Houser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kjell N.","family":"Lindgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Mazuchowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donovan C.","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madri","family":"Jayakody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Blue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan A.","family":"Bytheway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Stepaniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Validation study of the utility of using total body score and accumulated degree days to determine the post-mortem interval of human remains from three human decomposition research facilities","author":"Bytheway J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bytheway J\n\n, \n\nSteadman D\n\n, \n\nWescott D\n\n\n. \nValidation study of the utility of using total body score and accumulated degree days to determine the post-mortem interval of human remains from three human decomposition research facilities\n. \nSam Houston State University\n; \n2018."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Mortuary Affairs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Department of Defense\n. \nMortuary Affairs\n. \nNewport (RI): Joint Military Operations Department\n; \n2012. Joint Publication No: JP4- 06. [Accessed Jan. 29, 2023]. Available from \nhttps:\/\/irp.fas.org\/doddir\/dod\/jp4_06.pdf\n."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Categorizing Weapons of Mass Destruction Biological Agents into Postmortem Risk Groups","year":"2012","unstructured":"Defense Health Board\n. \nCategorizing Weapons of Mass Destruction Biological Agents into Postmortem Risk Groups\n. \nFalls Church (VA): Defense Health Agency\/Defense Health Board\n; \n2012. Report No.: AD1027325. [Accessed Dec. 17, 2022]. Available from \nhttps:\/\/www.health.mil\/Reference-Center\/Reports\/2012\/12\/20\/Categorizing-Weapons-of-Mass-Destruction-Biological-Agents-into-Postmortem-Risk-Groups\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"B4","series-title":"Am J Disaster Med","first-page":"5","article-title":"Decontamination and management of human remains following incidents of hazardous chemical release","volume":"7","author":"Hauschild VD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hauschild VD\n\n, \n\nWatson A\n\n, \n\nBock R\n\n\n. \nDecontamination and management of human remains following incidents of hazardous chemical release\n. \nAm J Disaster Med\n. \n2012\n; \n7(1):5\u201329\n. \n\n10.5055\/ajdm.2012.0077"},{"issue":"6","key":"B5","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform","first-page":"437","article-title":"Operational considerations for death in space: hardware considerations for preparation, stowage, and potential return of remains","volume":"92","author":"Houser T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Houser T\n\n, \n\nChough N\n\n, \n\nStepaniak P\n\n, \n\nMcMonigal K\n\n, \n\nLindgren K\n \n Operational considerations for death in space: hardware considerations for preparation, stowage, and potential return of remains [abstract]. 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Report No.: TG 195A."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight. S.l","article-title":"Spaceflight Medical Systems","author":"Taddeo TA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taddeo TA\n\n, \n\nGilmore S\n\n, \n\nArmstrong C\n\n\n. \nSpaceflight Medical Systems. In: \n\nBarratt MR\n\n, \n\nBaker ES\n\n, \n\nPool SL\n\n, eds. Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight. S.l\n. \nSpringer\n; \n2020\n. \n\n10.1007\/978-1-4939-9889-0_610.1007\/978-1-4939-9889-0_6"},{"issue":"3","key":"B10","series-title":"Forensic Anthropology","first-page":"143","article-title":"Validation of the Total Body Score\/Accumulated Degree-Day Model at Three Human Decomposition Facilities","volume":"1","author":"Wescott DJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wescott DJ\n\n, \n\nSteadman DW\n\n, \n\nMiller N\n\n, \n\nSauerwein K\n\n, \n\nClemmons CM\n \n Validation of the Total Body Score\/Accumulated Degree-Day Model at Three Human Decomposition Facilities\n. \nForensic Anthropology\n. \n2018\n; \n1(3):143\u2013149\n. \n\n10.5744\/fa.2018.0015"}],"container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/94\/5\/article-p368.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/94\/5\/article-p368.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/94\/5\/article-p368.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:34:28Z","timestamp":1728304468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/94\/5\/article-p368.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.6146.2023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}}}