{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:24:19Z","timestamp":1787066659553,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aerosp med hum perform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:bold>\n General aviation (GA), mainly comprised of light (\u226412,500\u2009lb) aircraft, maintains an inferior safety record compared with air carriers. To improve safety, aeronautical decision-making (ADM) practices have been advocated to GA pilots since 1991. Herein,\n we determined the extent to which GA pilots disregard such practices.\n METHODS:<\/jats:bold>\n Fatal accidents (1991\u20132019) involving private pilots (PPLs) in single-engine airplanes were identified (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n = 1481) from the National Transportation Safety Board Access\n R<\/jats:sup>\n database.\n Of these, deficient go\/no-go and in-flight ADM-related mishaps were scored using the PAVE (pilot, aircraft, environment, external pressure)\/IMSAFE (illness, medicine, stress, alcohol, fatigue, eating) and PPP (perceive, process, perform) models, respectively. Statistical testing used Poisson\n distributions, Fisher exact tests, and Mann-Whitney\n U<\/jats:italic>\n -tests.\n RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n Of the 1481 accidents, 846 were identified as deficient ADM-related. Electing to depart into a hazardous environment (PAVE), disregarding wellness (IMSAFE), and poor aircraft familiarity (PAVE) represented\n the most common categories (54%, 21%, and 20%, respectively) of errant go\/no-go ADM. A 64% decline in fatal accidents related to errant go\/no-go decisions for the environment category was evident over the 30-yr period, with little decrements in the other domains. Within the errant environment-related\n category accidents, the decision to depart into forecasted adverse weather (e.g., degraded visibility, icing, thunderstorms) constituted the most prevalent subcategory (56%,\n N<\/jats:italic>\n = 195). Surprisingly, of this subcategory, accidents were overrepresented by over nine- and threefold for instrument-rated\n PPLs disregarding icing and thunderstorm forecasts, respectively.\n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold>\n With little decrement in ADM-related accidents in the pilot, aircraft, and external pressure domains, new strategies to address such deficiencies for PPLs are warranted.\n \n Boyd DD, Scharf MT.\n Deficient\n aeronautical decision-making contributions to fatal general aviation accidents<\/jats:italic>\n . 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