{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:08:28Z","timestamp":1785870508342,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aerosp med hum perform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:bold> The advancement of human spaceflight has made urgent the need to develop medical imaging technology to ensure a high level of in-flight care. To date, only ultrasound has been used in spaceflight. Radiography has multiple advantages over ultrasound, including lower\n operator dependence, more rapid acquisition, typically higher spatial resolution, and characterization of tissue with acoustic impedance precluding ultrasound. This proof-of-concept work demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of performing human radiographs in microgravity.<jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold>\n Radiographs of a phantom and human subject\u2019s hand, knee, chest, cervical spine, and pelvis were obtained aboard a parabolic flight in microgravity and simulated lunar gravity with various subject and operator positions. Control radiographs were acquired with the same system on the ground.\n These radiographs were performed with a Food and Drug Administration-approved ultra-portable, wireless, battery-powered, digital x-ray system.<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> The radiographs of the phantom acquired in reduced gravity were qualitatively and quantitatively compared to the ground controls\n and found to exhibit similar diagnostic adequacy. There was no statistically significant difference in contrast resolution or spatial resolution with a spatial resolution across all imaging environments up to the Nyquist frequency of 3.6\u2009line-pairs\/mm and an average contrast-to-noise\n ratio of 2.44.<jats:bold>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:bold> As mass, power, and volume limitations lessen over the coming decades and the miniaturization of imaging equipment continues, in-flight implementation of nonsonographic modalities will become practical. Given the demonstrated ease of use and satisfactory\n image quality, portable radiography is ready to be the new frontier of space medical imaging.<jats:bold>Lerner D, Pohlen M, Wang A, Walter J, Cairnie M, Gifford S. <jats:italic>X-ray imaging in the simulated microgravity environment of parabolic flight<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(10):786\u2013791.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.6286.2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T04:30:46Z","timestamp":1695184246000},"page":"786-791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["X-Ray Imaging in the Simulated Microgravity Environment of Parabolic Flight"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Lerner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pohlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cairnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheyna","family":"Gifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"key":"bib1","volume-title":"Development of an accepted medical condition list for exploration medical capability scoping","year":"2022"},{"key":"bib2","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32505-z","article-title":"Stationary computed tomography for space and other resource-constrained environments","volume":"8","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-022-00228-1","article-title":"Optic nerve sheath diameter and spaceflight: defining shortcomings and future directions","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Microgravity"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib5","first-page":"594","article-title":"Diagnostic instrumentation aboard ISS: just-in-time training for non-physician crewmembers","volume":"76","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"bib6","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7","first-page":"601","article-title":"Digital radiography in space","volume":"73","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","first-page":"3493","article-title":"Percutaneous bladder catheterization in microgravity","volume":"14","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.5170.2019","article-title":"Ultrasound guided lumbar puncture and remote guidance for potential in-flight evaluation of VIIP\/SANS","volume":"90","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.3790.2013","article-title":"Interventional radiology: the future of surgery in microgravity","volume":"84","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4110.2015","article-title":"Portable radiography: a reality and necessity for ISS and explorer-class missions","volume":"86","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform"},{"key":"bib12","volume-title":"Review of spaceflight dental emergencies","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X221086619","article-title":"Surveillance for jugular venous thrombosis in astronauts","volume":"27","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"bib14","first-page":"374","article-title":"Space radiation measurements on-board ISS\u2013the DOSMAP experiment","volume":"116","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"bib15","volume-title":"NASA Human Research Program Investigators\u2019 Workshop","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9889-0_9","volume-title":"Principles of clinical medicine for space flight","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib17","year":"2011"},{"issue":"39","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz1334","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz1334","article-title":"First measurements of the radiation dose on the lunar surface","volume":"6","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"}],"container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/94\/10\/article-p786.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/94\/10\/article-p786.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/94\/10\/article-p786.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:01:25Z","timestamp":1740096085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/94\/10\/article-p786.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.6286.2023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]}}}