{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T20:26:27Z","timestamp":1784924787825,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:bold> This paper describes the method for assigning medical diagnostic and treatment capabilities and resources to the database which assists with an updated probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) tool for exploration class medical system planning. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has used PRA since 2011 to inform mission medical system design, but existing tools are designed only for low Earth orbit. An updated PRA tool was needed to assist with exploration class missions.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> A team of medical experts with a wide range of expertise and experience, including Space Medicine, was assembled to build capability and resource tables for the new PRA tool. This team met over 8\u2009mo and used practice guidelines, literature, and experience to build capability and resource tables (CRTs) for each condition in the new PRA tool database.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> This process led to CRTs for each condition and a total of 617 distinct capabilities and 839 discrete resources.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold> The CRT method is an effective way to translate medical practice guidelines into capabilities and resources usable by PRA tools for exploration class medical system planning. This same method may be used in commercial space ventures and in other applications in which medical predictive analytics are informative.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Levin DR, Nelson AM, Zahner C, Stratton ER, Anderson A, Steller J. <jats:italic>A method to determine capabilities and resources for spacecraft medical systems<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(7):403\u2013408.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.6365.2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T08:26:38Z","timestamp":1719303998000},"page":"403-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Method to Determine Capabilities and Resources for Spacecraft Medical Systems"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Dana R.","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariana M.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Zahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Stratton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arian","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Steller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"B1","series-title":"Aerosp Med","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Medical legacy of Apollo","volume":"45","author":"Berry CA","year":"1974","unstructured":"Berry CA. 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Time cost of provider skill: a pilot study of medical officer occupied time by knowledge, skill, and ability level. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(11):816\u2013821. 10.3357\/AMHP.6093.2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"B5","series-title":"NPJ Microgravity","first-page":"46","article-title":"The value of a spaceflight clinical decision support system for Earth-independent medical operations","volume":"9","author":"Russell BK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Russell BK, Burian BK, Hilmers DC, Beard BL, Martin K, . The value of a spaceflight clinical decision support system for Earth-independent medical operations. NPJ Microgravity. 2023; 9(1):46. 10.1038\/s41526-023-00284-1"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"1","article-title":"A model-based systems engineering approach to exploration medical system development","author":"Hanson A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hanson A, Mindock J, Okon S, Hailey M, McGuire K, . A model-based systems engineering approach to exploration medical system development. In: 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Big Sky (MT): IEEE; 2019:1\u201319.. [Accessed 2023 June 22]. Available from https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8741864\/. 10.1109\/AERO.2019.8741864"},{"key":"B7","year":"2022","unstructured":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Standard 3001, Volume 2, Revision B. Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 2022. [Accessed 10 May 2024]. Available from https:\/\/standards.nasa.gov\/standard\/NASA\/NASA-STD-3001-VOL-2."},{"issue":"7","key":"B8","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform","first-page":"550","article-title":"Selecting medical conditions relevant to exploration spaceflight to create the impact 1.0 medical condition list","volume":"94","author":"Kreykes AJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kreykes AJ, Suresh R, Levin D, Hilmers DC. Selecting medical conditions relevant to exploration spaceflight to create the impact 1.0 medical condition list. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(7):550\u2013557. 10.3357\/AMHP.6199.2023"},{"key":"B9","author":"Blue R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blue R, Nusbaum D, Antonsen E. Development of an accepted medical condition list for exploration medical capability scoping. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Technical Reports Server. 2019 July. Report Number: NASA\/TM-2019-220299. [Accessed 10 May 2024]. Available from https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/citations\/20190027540."},{"issue":"2","key":"B10","series-title":"J Space Saf Eng","first-page":"231","article-title":"Task impairment: a novel approach for assessing impairment during exploration-class spaceflight missions","volume":"10","author":"Fernandez W","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fernandez W, Levin DR, Steller J, Kerstman E, Lemery J, . Task impairment: a novel approach for assessing impairment during exploration-class spaceflight missions. 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Preliminary evidence-based method of medical kit design for wilderness expeditions modeled by a high-altitude expedition to Mount Kilimanjaro. J Emerg Med. 2022; 62(6):733\u2013749. 10.1016\/j.jemermed.2022.01.018"},{"issue":"10","key":"B15","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform","first-page":"760","article-title":"Spatial volume necessary to perform open appendectomy in a spacecraft","volume":"93","author":"Kamine TH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamine TH, Siu M, Kramer K, Kelly E, Alouidor R, . Spatial volume necessary to perform open appendectomy in a spacecraft. 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