{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:49:47Z","timestamp":1792273787410,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Ejection seats are designed to be a lifesaving device for aircrew in emergencies. Modern ejection seats are widely prevalent in fighter and bomber aircraft and are occasionally associated with acceleration injury from axial loading (G<jats:sub>z<\/jats:sub>) during the catapult phase of ejection, limb flail injury due to windblast, or parachute landing fall, especially if the ejection is outside of the seat\u2019s performance envelope.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CASE REPORT:<\/jats:bold> We present the first known case in the medical literature of a military pilot who survived a low-altitude, high-angulation (&gt;90\u00b0 of bank angle) ejection where the pilot\u2019s ejection seat parachute did not deploy due to contact with the ground before completion of the ejection sequence. The patient\u2019s initial exam upon arrival at a trauma center was significant for a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3T, with evidence of cranial and extremity trauma. The patient presented with respiratory acidosis and required upsizing of his endotracheal tube placed in the field. The patient\u2019s injury list included bilateral subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages, a Hangman\u2019s fracture, spinal burst fractures, and extensive extremity fractures. After a prolonged hospital stay, the patient was discharged to rehabilitation. The patient made a functional and neurological recovery, including return to independent completion of his activities of daily living.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:bold> This case provides evidence of favorable outcome after a low-altitude, high-angulation ejection without parachute deployment. This case details the medical and traumatic pathology medical personnel should expect from an ejection that occurs outside of the seat\u2019s performance envelope.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Zivkovic MM, Inman BL, Figlewicz MR, Burchett JA, Nowadly CD. <jats:italic>Polytrauma in a jet pilot after low-altitude ejection without parachute deployment<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(11):862\u2013866.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.6412.2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:30:17Z","timestamp":1731717017000},"page":"862-866","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polytrauma in a Jet Pilot After Low-Altitude Ejection Without Parachute Deployment"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Molly M.","family":"Zivkovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brannon L.","family":"Inman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Figlewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Burchett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig D.","family":"Nowadly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"SAFE J.","article-title":"USAF ACES II ejection history and injury risk, 1978 to 2013","volume":"37","author":"Tulloch J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tulloch J, Ruddell M, Andries M. USAF ACES II ejection history and injury risk, 1978 to 2013. SAFE J. 2015; 37(1). [Accessed Aug. 5, 2024]. Available from https:\/\/www.safeassociation.com\/index.cfm\/page\/SAFE-Journal-Articles-2015-and-Beyond."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Biomed Sci Instrum.","first-page":"350","article-title":"Review of major injuries and fatalities in USAF ejections, 1981\u20131995","volume":"33","author":"Collins R","year":"1997","unstructured":"Collins R, McCarthy GW, Kaleps I, Knox FS. Review of major injuries and fatalities in USAF ejections, 1981\u20131995. Biomed Sci Instrum. 1997; 33:350\u2013353."},{"issue":"7","key":"B3","series-title":"Injury.","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Injuries associated with the use of ejection seats: a systematic review, meta-analysis and the experience of the Israeli Air Force, 1990\u20132019","volume":"51","author":"Epstein D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Epstein D, Markovitz E, Nakdimon I, Guinzburg A, Aviram E,  Injuries associated with the use of ejection seats: a systematic review, meta-analysis and the experience of the Israeli Air Force, 1990\u20132019. Injury. 2020; 51(7):1489\u20131496. 10.1016\/j.injury.2020.04.048"},{"issue":"10","key":"B4","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Survival outcomes in low-level ejections from high performance aircraft","volume":"84","author":"Newman DG.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Newman DG. Survival outcomes in low-level ejections from high performance aircraft. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2013; 84(10):1061\u20131065. 10.3357\/ASEM.3626.2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"B5","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"66","article-title":"Spine injuries related to high-performance aircraft ejections: a 9-year retrospective study","volume":"85","author":"Manen O","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manen O, Cl\u00e9ment J, Bisconte S, Perrier E. Spine injuries related to high-performance aircraft ejections: a 9-year retrospective study. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014; 85(1):66\u201370. 10.3357\/ASEM.3639.2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"B6","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"337","article-title":"Vertebral fracture after aircraft ejection during Operation Desert Storm","volume":"68","author":"Osborne RG","year":"1997","unstructured":"Osborne RG, Cook AA. Vertebral fracture after aircraft ejection during Operation Desert Storm. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997; 68(4):337\u2013341."},{"issue":"4","key":"B7","series-title":"Arch Emerg Med.","first-page":"240","article-title":"Spinal fractures associated with ejection from jet aircraft: two case reports and a review","volume":"8","author":"James MR.","year":"1991","unstructured":"James MR. Spinal fractures associated with ejection from jet aircraft: two case reports and a review. Arch Emerg Med. 1991; 8(4):240\u2013244. 10.1136\/emj.8.4.240"},{"issue":"9","key":"B8","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"936","article-title":"Survivability and injuries from use of rocket-assisted ejection seats: analysis of 232 cases","volume":"77","author":"Lewis ME.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lewis ME. Survivability and injuries from use of rocket-assisted ejection seats: analysis of 232 cases. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2006; 77(9):936\u2013943."},{"issue":"4","key":"B9","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"364","article-title":"Aircrew ejections in the Republic of Bulgaria, 1953-93","volume":"67","author":"Milanov L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Milanov L. Aircrew ejections in the Republic of Bulgaria, 1953-93. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996; 67(4):364\u2013368."},{"issue":"5","key":"B10","series-title":"J Accid Emerg Med.","first-page":"371","article-title":"Injuries sustained by aircrew on ejecting from their aircraft","volume":"17","author":"Read CA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Read CA, Pillay J. Injuries sustained by aircrew on ejecting from their aircraft. J Accid Emerg Med. 2000; 17(5):371\u2013373. 10.1136\/emj.17.5.371"}],"container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/95\/11\/article-p862.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/95\/11\/article-p862.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/95\/11\/article-p862.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:01:55Z","timestamp":1740614515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/95\/11\/article-p862.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.6412.2024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}}}