{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:48:23Z","timestamp":1773305303512,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:bold> Strong neck muscles may decrease the risk of flight-induced neck pain and possible disability among fast jet pilots. The purpose of this study was to examine the intra- and interrater reliability of a commercial force gauge attached to a pilot\u2019s helmet for measuring isometric force production of the neck muscles.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> A total of 41 subjects performed maximal isometric cervical flexion, extension, and lateral flexion in two measurement sessions for intrarater reliability, and 31 of these subjects participated in a third session for measuring interrater reliability. Delayed muscle soreness and neck pain were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale before and after each measurement session. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to compare values between the test and retest assessments.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> The overall interrater reliability was good (ICC 0.79\u20130.90), whereas the intrarater reliability varied from moderate to good (ICC 0.58\u20130.84). In both intra- and interrater reliability, the flexion test had good (ICC 0.84\u20130.89) reliability, while the lateral flexion test results had moderate to good (ICC 0.73\u20130.90) reliability. The extension test had the lowest reliability in both intra- (ICC 0.58) and interrater (ICC 0.79) tests. The average visual analog scale score (from 1\u2013100 scale) prior to the second measurement session was 16\u2009\u00b1\u200918 in delayed muscle soreness and 0\u2009\u00b1\u20090 in neck pain.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:bold> The present study demonstrated that the helmet-attached force gauge is a reliable, safe, and clinically applicable method to evaluate isometric neck strength in the flexion and lateral flexion directions.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Honkanen T, Mattila V, Kinnunen O, Janhunen M, Sovelius R, Vaara JP, Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen H. <jats:italic>Reliability of a flight helmet-attached force gauge in measuring isometric neck muscle strength<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(10):788\u2013793.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.6485.2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:31:12Z","timestamp":1729125072000},"page":"788-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reliability of a Flight Helmet-Attached Force Gauge in Measuring Isometric Neck Muscle Strength"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Honkanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Mattila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Kinnunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjo","family":"Janhunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roope","family":"Sovelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jani P.","family":"Vaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Mil Med.","first-page":"6","article-title":"Human and behavioral factors contributing to spine-based neurological cockpit injuries in pilots of high-performance aircraft: recommendations for management and prevention","volume":"165","author":"Jones JA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jones JA, Hart SF, Baskin DS, Effenhauser R, Johnson SL,  Human and behavioral factors contributing to spine-based neurological cockpit injuries in pilots of high-performance aircraft: recommendations for management and prevention. 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