{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:58:55Z","timestamp":1774515535261,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), also called immersion pulmonary edema, is a form of exertional pulmonary edema associated with swimming and\/or water immersion without aspiration. Most case reports on SIPE feature young, healthy patients who were scuba-diving, surface swimming, snorkeling, or breath-hold diving before experiencing symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain\/tightness, cough, and hemoptysis. The incidence of SIPE is thought to be between 0.4\u20135%. Although symptoms typically resolve with oxygenation and ventilation, SIPE can be fatal, making recognition of SIPE crucial, especially for operational medical providers overseeing water training events and exercises.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CASE REPORT:<\/jats:bold> A 28-yr-old healthy man began experiencing severe shortness of breath during early morning pool training. Oxygen saturation was in the low 80s and the patient was put on 15-L supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask. Rales were present bilaterally on lung auscultation. He denied aspiration of water. Due to his persistent hypoxia, the patient was transported to an emergency department. He received a two-view chest X-ray, showing only bibasilar pulmonary opacities. He maintained 100% saturation once oxygen was removed and was able to be discharged to continue in the selection course.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:bold> Although SIPE may affect a small percentage of swimmers, military training in extreme conditions such as cold, lack of sleep, and profound exertion increases the risk for SIPE. Additionally, a patient who develops SIPE in the water is at risk for drowning. As SIPE may be fatal, military providers, especially those working with Special Operations, must be aware of how to diagnose and treat SIPE.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>O\u2019Keefe CL, Clemente Fuentes RW, Salinas E. <jats:italic>Swimming-induced pulmonary edema in a member participating in a special tactics selection course<\/jats:italic>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(12):937\u2013939.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.6516.2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T00:30:47Z","timestamp":1732321847000},"page":"937-939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema in a Member Participating in a Special Tactics Selection Course"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Courtney L.","family":"O\u2019Keefe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roselyn W.","family":"Clemente Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Front Physiol.","first-page":"652","article-title":"Diagnosis of swimming induced pulmonary edema\u2014a review","volume":"8","author":"Gr\u00fcnig H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnig H, Nikolaidis PT, Moon RE, Knechtle B. Diagnosis of swimming induced pulmonary edema\u2014a review. Front Physiol. 2017; 8:652. 10.3389\/fphys.2017.00652"},{"issue":"5","key":"B2","series-title":"Chest.","first-page":"1934","article-title":"Incidence and impact of swimming-induced pulmonary edema on Navy SEAL candidates","volume":"159","author":"Volk C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Volk C, Spiro J, Boswell G, Lindholm P, Schwartz J,  Incidence and impact of swimming-induced pulmonary edema on Navy SEAL candidates. Chest. 2021; 159(5):1934\u20131941. 10.1016\/j.chest.2020.11.019"},{"issue":"5","key":"B3","series-title":"Chest.","first-page":"1789","article-title":"Incidence of swimming-induced pulmonary edema: a cohort study based on 47,600 open-water swimming distances","volume":"160","author":"H\u00e5rdstedt M","year":"2021","unstructured":"H\u00e5rdstedt M, Kristiansson L, Seiler C, Eriksson AB, Sundh J. Incidence of swimming-induced pulmonary edema: a cohort study based on 47,600 open-water swimming distances. Chest. 2021; 160(5):1789\u20131798. 10.1016\/j.chest.2021.06.034"},{"issue":"10","key":"B4","series-title":"Circulation.","first-page":"988","article-title":"Swimming-induced pulmonary edema: pathophysiology and risk reduction with sildenafil","volume":"133","author":"Moon RE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moon RE, Martina SD, Peacher DF, Potter JF, Wester TE,  Swimming-induced pulmonary edema: pathophysiology and risk reduction with sildenafil. Circulation. 2016; 133(10):988\u2013996. 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019464"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med.","first-page":"318","article-title":"Pulmonary edema in combat swimmers: clinical and bronchoalveolar lavage description demonstrating stress failure of the pulmonary capillaries","volume":"31","author":"Ludwig BB","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ludwig BB, Mahon RT, Parrish J, Lamb C, Kerr S. Pulmonary edema in combat swimmers: clinical and bronchoalveolar lavage description demonstrating stress failure of the pulmonary capillaries. [Abstract]. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2004; 31:318."},{"issue":"5","key":"B6","series-title":"Chest.","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Symptom duration, recurrence, and long-term effects of swimming-induced pulmonary edema: a 30-month follow-up study","volume":"164","author":"Kristiansson L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kristiansson L, Seiler C, Lundeqvist D, Eriksson AB, Sundh J, H\u00e5rdstedt M. Symptom duration, recurrence, and long-term effects of swimming-induced pulmonary edema: a 30-month follow-up study. Chest. 2023; 164(5):1257\u20131267. 10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.041"},{"issue":"1","key":"B7","series-title":"Sports Med Open.","first-page":"43","article-title":"Occurrence, risk factors, prognosis, and prevention of swimming-induced pulmonary oedema: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Spencer S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spencer S, Dickinson J, Forbes L. Occurrence, risk factors, prognosis, and prevention of swimming-induced pulmonary oedema: a systematic review. Sports Med Open. 2018; 4(1):43. Erratum in: Sports Med Open. 2019; 5(1):12. 10.1186\/s40798-018-0158-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"B8","series-title":"Chest.","first-page":"1586","article-title":"Swimming-induced pulmonary edema: diagnostic criteria validated by lung ultrasound","volume":"158","author":"H\u00e5rdstedt M","year":"2020","unstructured":"H\u00e5rdstedt M, Seiler C, Kristiansson L, Lundeqvist D, Klingberg C, Eriksson AB. Swimming-induced pulmonary edema: diagnostic criteria validated by lung ultrasound. Chest. 2020; 158(4):1586\u20131595. 10.1016\/j.chest.2020.04.028"},{"issue":"2","key":"B9","series-title":"Chest.","first-page":"410","article-title":"Swimming-induced pulmonary edema: evaluation of prehospital treatment with CPAP or positive expiratory pressure device","volume":"162","author":"Seiler C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seiler C, Kristiansson L, Klingberg C, Sundh J, Eriksson AE,  Swimming-induced pulmonary edema: evaluation of prehospital treatment with CPAP or positive expiratory pressure device. Chest. 2022; 162(2):410\u2013420. 10.1016\/j.chest.2022.02.054"},{"issue":"6","key":"B10","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc.","first-page":"1128","article-title":"Immersion pulmonary edema and comorbidities: case series and updated review","volume":"47","author":"Peacher DF","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peacher DF, Martina SD, Otteni CE, Wester TE, Potter JF, Moon RE. Immersion pulmonary edema and comorbidities: case series and updated review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015; 47(6):1128\u20131134. 10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000524"}],"container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/95\/12\/article-p937.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/95\/12\/article-p937.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/95\/12\/article-p937.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T00:31:19Z","timestamp":1732321879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/95\/12\/article-p937.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.6516.2024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}}}