{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:08:36Z","timestamp":1787026116953,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Maintaining spatial orientation in flight remains a critical aspect of aviation safety. Monitoring an aviator\u2019s neurophysiological patterns may provide insight and opportunity to mitigate loss of spatial orientation. However, few studies have examined the utility of such measures. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a scoping review to document the research activities that have examined neurophysiological measures in relation to spatial orientation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Four databases were searched for literature using neurophysiological measures in studies assessing disorientation. The initial search yielded 110,135 articles. After removing duplicates and articles not meeting criteria, nine articles were reviewed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    One of the nine articles used an aviation-relevant task. From the nine articles, evidence suggested roles of the parietal and frontal lobes maintaining orientation. Regarding the aviation-relevant task, the frontal lobe was supported for its involvement in the experience of unidentified spatial disorientation. Across all, the frontal lobe was consistently implicated (support from six studies) for its role in orientation. However, the studies differed in neurophysiological measures and outcomes evaluated. Electroencephalography emerged as a potential candidate for detecting disorientation, with six studies using it as the neurophysiological measurement device.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Although the literature is limited on aviation-relevant tasks, there is strong support for activation patterns in the parietal and frontal lobes for orientation. This provides a starting point for experimental studies to further capture what patterns can be detected from neurophysiology when disorientation is experienced. Further research on aviation applications and using consistent measures is needed to further develop this area of research.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Feltman KA, Wilkins J, Persson I, Stonehouse S.\n                      <jats:italic>Neurophysiological measures to detect spatial disorientation<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2026; 97(3):194\u2013203.\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.6736.2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:57:43Z","timestamp":1773223063000},"page":"194-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neurophysiological Measures to Detect Spatial Disorientation"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Feltman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordayne","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaiah","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer","family":"Stonehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Technol Health Care.","first-page":"339","article-title":"Detection method for unrecognized spatial disorientation based on optical flow stimuli","volume":"32","author":"Hao C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hao C, Su R, Dong C, Zhang J, Chi Z,  Detection method for unrecognized spatial disorientation based on optical flow stimuli. Technol Health Care. 2024; 32(S1):339\u201349."},{"issue":"8","key":"B2","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"508","article-title":"Army aviation safety: FY 2023 year in review [Abstract]","volume":"95","author":"Rivero L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rivero L, O\u2019Connell SUS. Army aviation safety: FY 2023 year in review [Abstract]. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024 Aug; 95(8):508."},{"issue":"8","key":"B3","series-title":"Aerosp Med.","first-page":"944","article-title":"Spatial disorientation and the \u201cbreak-off\u201d phenomenon","volume":"44","author":"Benson AJ.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Benson AJ. Spatial disorientation and the \u201cbreak-off\u201d phenomenon. Aerosp Med. 1973 Aug; 44(8):944\u201352."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Spatial disorientation in aviation.","volume":"203","year":"2004","unstructured":"Previc FH, Ercoline WR, editors. Spatial disorientation in aviation. Vol 203. Progress in astronautics and aeronautics. Reston (VA): American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 2004."},{"issue":"2","key":"B5","series-title":"J Cogn Engin Decis Mak.","first-page":"137","article-title":"Get on the round dial: fighter pilot strategies for recovering situation awareness after disorienting physiological events","volume":"18","author":"Militello LG","year":"2024","unstructured":"Militello LG, Ernst KM, Panganiban AR, Wagner E, Tolston M, Funke GJ. Get on the round dial: fighter pilot strategies for recovering situation awareness after disorienting physiological events. J Cogn Engin Decis Mak. 2024 Jun; 18(2):137\u201355."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference;","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatial orientation modeling: use of multisensory cueing to prevent vection illusions","author":"Rupert AH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rupert AH, Brill JC, Dalitsch CW, McGrath B, Mortimer BJP, French J. Spatial orientation modeling: use of multisensory cueing to prevent vection illusions. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference; 2023 Mar 4-11; Big Sky, Montana; New York (NY): IEEE; 2023:1\u201310."},{"key":"B7","article-title":"US Air Force F-16 jets to get 3D audio system for faster, clearer pilot alerts 2024","unstructured":"Interesting Engineering. US Air Force F-16 jets to get 3D audio system for faster, clearer pilot alerts 2024. Yahoo! News. [Accessed 2025 8 May]. Available from https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/us-air-force-f-16-234537859.html."},{"key":"B8","article-title":"Enhancing the AH-64 Apache for U.S. Army aviators","year":"2024","unstructured":"Enhancing the AH-64 Apache for U.S. Army aviators. Boeing; 2024. [Accessed 2025 8 May]. Available from https:\/\/www.boeing.com\/features\/2024\/10\/enhancing-the-ah-64-apache-for-us-army-aviators."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Brain Res.","first-page":"148035","article-title":"Busy and confused? High risk of missed alerts in the cockpit: an electrophysiological study","volume":"1793","author":"Causse M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Causse M, Parmentier FBR, Mouratille D, Thibaut D, Kisselenko M, Fabre E. Busy and confused? High risk of missed alerts in the cockpit: an electrophysiological study. Brain Res. 2022; 1793:148035."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"2101","article-title":"Cognitive processing disruptions affecting flight deck performance: implications for cognitive resilience","author":"Holley S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holley S, Miller M. Cognitive processing disruptions affecting flight deck performance: implications for cognitive resilience. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society\u2019s Annual Meeting; 2023 Oct 23-27; Washington, DC. Washington (DC): HFES; 2023:2101\u20136."},{"key":"B11","article-title":"A systematic literature review of operator state detection using physiological measures","author":"Duffy M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duffy M, Feltman KA. A systematic literature review of operator state detection using physiological measures. Fort Rucker (AL): U.S. Army; 2022. Report No.: USAARL-TECH-TR\u20132023-11."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Front Neuroergon.","first-page":"1397586","article-title":"Measuring aviator workload using EEG: an individualized approach to workload manipulation","volume":"5","author":"Feltman KA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feltman KA, Vogl JF, McAtee A, Kelley AM. Measuring aviator workload using EEG: an individualized approach to workload manipulation. Front Neuroergon. 2024 Jun; 5:1397586."},{"issue":"15","key":"B13","series-title":"Appl Sci.","first-page":"6521","article-title":"A real-time detection of pilot workload using low-interference devices","volume":"14","author":"Liu Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gao Y, Yue L, Zhang H, Sun J, Wu X. A real-time detection of pilot workload using low-interference devices. Appl Sci. 2024; 14(15):6521."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Handbook of eHealth evaluation: an evidence-based approach.","article-title":"Chapter 9: Methods for Literature Reviews","author":"Par\u00e9 G","unstructured":"Par\u00e9 G, Kitsiou S. Chapter 9: Methods for Literature Reviews. In: Lau F, Kuziemsky C, editors. Handbook of eHealth evaluation: an evidence-based approach. [Accessed 16 Jan. 2026]. Available from https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK481583\/."},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Appl Ergon.","first-page":"103838","article-title":"Aviation and neurophysiology: a systematic review","volume":"105","author":"van Weelden E","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Weelden E, Alimardani M, Wiltshire TJ, Louwerse MM. Aviation and neurophysiology: a systematic review. Appl Ergon. 2022 Nov; 105:103838."},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"Sci Rep.","first-page":"1682","article-title":"Reduction in EEG theta power as a potential marker for spatial disorientation during flight","volume":"15","author":"Geva G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Geva G, Getter N, Blecher B, Ben-Ari O, Gordon B,  Reduction in EEG theta power as a potential marker for spatial disorientation during flight. Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 11; 15(1):1682."},{"key":"B17","series-title":"IEEE Access.","first-page":"140654","article-title":"A classification method for unrecognized spatial disorientation based on perceptual process","volume":"8","author":"Hao C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hao C, Fan X, Dong C, Qiao L, Li X,  A classification method for unrecognized spatial disorientation based on perceptual process. IEEE Access. 2020; 8:140654\u201360."},{"issue":"5","key":"B18","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"447","article-title":"Measuring pilot physiology during in-flight training and implications for real-time monitoring","volume":"96","author":"Yue X","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yue X, Andres K, Duffy MJ, Rodriguez R, Aura CJ, Feltman KA. Measuring pilot physiology during in-flight training and implications for real-time monitoring. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(5):447\u201352."},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Front Neuroergon.","first-page":"1357905","article-title":"Cerebral oxygenation and perfusion kinetics monitoring of military aircrew at high G using novel fNIRS wearable system","volume":"5","author":"Roumengous T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roumengous T, Boutwell RC, Strohmaier J, Allen J, Goldbach B,  Cerebral oxygenation and perfusion kinetics monitoring of military aircrew at high G using novel fNIRS wearable system. Front Neuroergon. 2024 Feb 23; 5:1357905."},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Systematic reviews and meta-analysis.","author":"Littell JH.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Littell JH. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 2008."},{"issue":"4","key":"B21","series-title":"J. Comput Civ Eng.","first-page":"04022016","article-title":"Neural basis analysis of firefighters\u2019 wayfinding performance via functional near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"36","author":"Shi Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi Y, Johnson C, Xia P, Kang J, Tyagi O,  Neural basis analysis of firefighters\u2019 wayfinding performance via functional near-infrared spectroscopy. J. Comput Civ Eng. 2022; 36(4):04022016."},{"issue":"35","key":"B22","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"11072","article-title":"Brain system for mental orientation in space, time, and person","volume":"112","author":"Peer M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peer M, Salomon R, Goldberg I, Blanke O, Arzy S. Brain system for mental orientation in space, time, and person. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015 Sep 1; 112(35):11072\u20137."},{"issue":"11","key":"B23","series-title":"Curr Biol.","first-page":"1416","article-title":"Posterior cingulate cortex integrates the senses of self-location and body ownership","volume":"25","author":"Guterstam A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guterstam A, Bj\u00f6rnsdotter M, Gentile G, Ehrsson HH. Posterior cingulate cortex integrates the senses of self-location and body ownership. Curr Biol. 2015 Jun 1; 25(11):1416\u201325."},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Neurosci Lett.","first-page":"220","article-title":"A novel virtual plus-maze for studying electrophysiological correlates of spatial reorientation","volume":"694","author":"Torok A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Torok A, K\u00f3bor A, Honbolyg\u00f3 F, Baker T. A novel virtual plus-maze for studying electrophysiological correlates of spatial reorientation. Neurosci Lett. 2019 Feb 16; 694:220\u20134."},{"key":"B25","series-title":"Biomed Mater Eng.","first-page":"S1115","article-title":"EEG functional network properties related to visually induced unrecognized spatial disorientation","volume":"26","author":"Li Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Y, Chen Y, Lv X, Yang Y, Li J,  EEG functional network properties related to visually induced unrecognized spatial disorientation. Biomed Mater Eng. 2015; 26(Suppl 1):S1115\u201324."},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Neuroimage.","first-page":"123","article-title":"EEG correlates of spatial orientation in the human retrosplenial complex","volume":"120","author":"Lin C-T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin C-T, Chiu T-C, Gramann K. EEG correlates of spatial orientation in the human retrosplenial complex. Neuroimage. 2015 Oct 15; 120:123\u201332."},{"key":"B27","first-page":"1","article-title":"EEG analysis of visually induced spatial disorientation","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hao C, Zhao R, Qiao L, Li X, Zhang J, Wu Y, , editors. EEG analysis of visually induced spatial disorientation. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI); 2019 Oct. 21-27; Suzhou, China. New York (NY): IEEE; 2019:1\u20135."},{"issue":"1","key":"B28","series-title":"Sci Rep.","first-page":"13036","article-title":"Human brain dynamics in active spatial navigation","volume":"11","author":"Do T-TN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Do T-TN, Lin C-T, Gramann K. Human brain dynamics in active spatial navigation. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 22; 11(1):13036."},{"issue":"12","key":"B29","series-title":"Eur J Neurosci.","first-page":"8256","article-title":"Mobile brain\/body imaging of landmark\u2010based navigation with high\u2010density EEG","volume":"54","author":"Delaux A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Delaux A, de Saint Aubert J-B, Ramano\u00ebl S, B\u00e9cu M, Gehrke L,  Mobile brain\/body imaging of landmark\u2010based navigation with high\u2010density EEG. Eur J Neurosci. 2021 Dec; 54(12):8256\u201382."},{"key":"B30","series-title":"World Neurosurg.","first-page":"353","article-title":"A history of the lobes of the brain","volume":"134","author":"Casillo SM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casillo SM, Luy DD, Goldschmidt E. A history of the lobes of the brain. World Neurosurg. 2020 Feb; 134:353\u201360."},{"issue":"2","key":"B31","series-title":"Psychon Bull Rev.","first-page":"208","article-title":"Neural evidence supports a novel framework for spatial navigation","volume":"20","author":"Chrastil ER.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chrastil ER. Neural evidence supports a novel framework for spatial navigation. Psychon Bull Rev. 2013 Apr; 20(2):208\u201327."},{"issue":"5744","key":"B32","series-title":"Sci.","first-page":"2226","article-title":"Direct evidence for a parietal-frontal pathway subserving spatial awareness in humans","volume":"309","author":"de Schotten MT","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Schotten MT, Urbanski M, Duffau H, Volle E, L\u00e9vy R,  Direct evidence for a parietal-frontal pathway subserving spatial awareness in humans. Sci. 2005 Sep 30; 309(5744):2226\u20138."},{"key":"B33","series-title":"Neuroimage.","first-page":"897","article-title":"The frequency of alpha oscillations: task-dependent modulation and its functional significance","volume":"183","author":"Babu HSI","year":"2018","unstructured":"Babu HSI, Wang C, Hu Z, Ding M. The frequency of alpha oscillations: task-dependent modulation and its functional significance. Neuroimage. 2018 Dec; 183:897\u2013906."},{"issue":"4","key":"B34","series-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res.","first-page":"295","article-title":"Relative alpha desynchronization and synchronization during speech perception","volume":"5","author":"Krause CM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Krause CM, P\u00f6rn B, Lang AH, Laine M. Relative alpha desynchronization and synchronization during speech perception. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 1997 Jun; 5(4):295\u20139."},{"key":"B35","series-title":"Principles of frontal lobe function.","author":"Stuss DT","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stuss DT, Knight RT. Principles of frontal lobe function. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 2013. [Accessed 16 January 2026] Available from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med\/9780199837755.001.0001."},{"key":"B1","series-title":"Technol Health Care.","first-page":"339","article-title":"Detection method for unrecognized spatial disorientation based on optical flow stimuli","volume":"32","author":"Hao C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hao C, Su R, Dong C, Zhang J, Chi Z,  Detection method for unrecognized spatial disorientation based on optical flow stimuli. Technol Health Care. 2024; 32(S1):339\u201349."},{"issue":"8","key":"B2","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"508","article-title":"Army aviation safety: FY 2023 year in review [Abstract]","volume":"95","author":"Rivero L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rivero L, O\u2019Connell SUS. Army aviation safety: FY 2023 year in review [Abstract]. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024 Aug; 95(8):508."},{"issue":"8","key":"B3","series-title":"Aerosp Med.","first-page":"944","article-title":"Spatial disorientation and the \u201cbreak-off\u201d phenomenon","volume":"44","author":"Benson AJ.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Benson AJ. Spatial disorientation and the \u201cbreak-off\u201d phenomenon. Aerosp Med. 1973 Aug; 44(8):944\u201352."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Spatial disorientation in aviation.","volume":"203","year":"2004","unstructured":"Previc FH, Ercoline WR, editors. Spatial disorientation in aviation. Vol 203. Progress in astronautics and aeronautics. Reston (VA): American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 2004."},{"issue":"2","key":"B5","series-title":"J Cogn Engin Decis Mak.","first-page":"137","article-title":"Get on the round dial: fighter pilot strategies for recovering situation awareness after disorienting physiological events","volume":"18","author":"Militello LG","year":"2024","unstructured":"Militello LG, Ernst KM, Panganiban AR, Wagner E, Tolston M, Funke GJ. Get on the round dial: fighter pilot strategies for recovering situation awareness after disorienting physiological events. J Cogn Engin Decis Mak. 2024 Jun; 18(2):137\u201355."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference;","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatial orientation modeling: use of multisensory cueing to prevent vection illusions","author":"Rupert AH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rupert AH, Brill JC, Dalitsch CW, McGrath B, Mortimer BJP, French J. Spatial orientation modeling: use of multisensory cueing to prevent vection illusions. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference; 2023 Mar 4-11; Big Sky, Montana; New York (NY): IEEE; 2023:1\u201310."},{"key":"B7","article-title":"US Air Force F-16 jets to get 3D audio system for faster, clearer pilot alerts 2024","unstructured":"Interesting Engineering. US Air Force F-16 jets to get 3D audio system for faster, clearer pilot alerts 2024. Yahoo! News. [Accessed 2025 8 May]. Available from https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/us-air-force-f-16-234537859.html."},{"key":"B8","article-title":"Enhancing the AH-64 Apache for U.S. Army aviators","year":"2024","unstructured":"Enhancing the AH-64 Apache for U.S. Army aviators. Boeing; 2024. [Accessed 2025 8 May]. Available from https:\/\/www.boeing.com\/features\/2024\/10\/enhancing-the-ah-64-apache-for-us-army-aviators."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Brain Res.","first-page":"148035","article-title":"Busy and confused? High risk of missed alerts in the cockpit: an electrophysiological study","volume":"1793","author":"Causse M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Causse M, Parmentier FBR, Mouratille D, Thibaut D, Kisselenko M, Fabre E. Busy and confused? High risk of missed alerts in the cockpit: an electrophysiological study. Brain Res. 2022; 1793:148035."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"2101","article-title":"Cognitive processing disruptions affecting flight deck performance: implications for cognitive resilience","author":"Holley S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holley S, Miller M. Cognitive processing disruptions affecting flight deck performance: implications for cognitive resilience. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society\u2019s Annual Meeting; 2023 Oct 23-27; Washington, DC. Washington (DC): HFES; 2023:2101\u20136."},{"key":"B11","article-title":"A systematic literature review of operator state detection using physiological measures","author":"Duffy M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duffy M, Feltman KA. A systematic literature review of operator state detection using physiological measures. Fort Rucker (AL): U.S. Army; 2022. Report No.: USAARL-TECH-TR\u20132023-11."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Front Neuroergon.","first-page":"1397586","article-title":"Measuring aviator workload using EEG: an individualized approach to workload manipulation","volume":"5","author":"Feltman KA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feltman KA, Vogl JF, McAtee A, Kelley AM. Measuring aviator workload using EEG: an individualized approach to workload manipulation. Front Neuroergon. 2024 Jun; 5:1397586."},{"issue":"15","key":"B13","series-title":"Appl Sci.","first-page":"6521","article-title":"A real-time detection of pilot workload using low-interference devices","volume":"14","author":"Liu Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gao Y, Yue L, Zhang H, Sun J, Wu X. A real-time detection of pilot workload using low-interference devices. Appl Sci. 2024; 14(15):6521."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Handbook of eHealth evaluation: an evidence-based approach.","article-title":"Chapter 9: Methods for Literature Reviews","author":"Par\u00e9 G","unstructured":"Par\u00e9 G, Kitsiou S. Chapter 9: Methods for Literature Reviews. In: Lau F, Kuziemsky C, editors. Handbook of eHealth evaluation: an evidence-based approach. [Accessed 16 Jan. 2026]. Available from https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK481583\/."},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Appl Ergon.","first-page":"103838","article-title":"Aviation and neurophysiology: a systematic review","volume":"105","author":"van Weelden E","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Weelden E, Alimardani M, Wiltshire TJ, Louwerse MM. Aviation and neurophysiology: a systematic review. Appl Ergon. 2022 Nov; 105:103838."},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"Sci Rep.","first-page":"1682","article-title":"Reduction in EEG theta power as a potential marker for spatial disorientation during flight","volume":"15","author":"Geva G","year":"2025","unstructured":"Geva G, Getter N, Blecher B, Ben-Ari O, Gordon B,  Reduction in EEG theta power as a potential marker for spatial disorientation during flight. Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 11; 15(1):1682."},{"key":"B17","series-title":"IEEE Access.","first-page":"140654","article-title":"A classification method for unrecognized spatial disorientation based on perceptual process","volume":"8","author":"Hao C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hao C, Fan X, Dong C, Qiao L, Li X,  A classification method for unrecognized spatial disorientation based on perceptual process. IEEE Access. 2020; 8:140654\u201360."},{"issue":"5","key":"B18","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"447","article-title":"Measuring pilot physiology during in-flight training and implications for real-time monitoring","volume":"96","author":"Yue X","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yue X, Andres K, Duffy MJ, Rodriguez R, Aura CJ, Feltman KA. Measuring pilot physiology during in-flight training and implications for real-time monitoring. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(5):447\u201352."},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Front Neuroergon.","first-page":"1357905","article-title":"Cerebral oxygenation and perfusion kinetics monitoring of military aircrew at high G using novel fNIRS wearable system","volume":"5","author":"Roumengous T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roumengous T, Boutwell RC, Strohmaier J, Allen J, Goldbach B,  Cerebral oxygenation and perfusion kinetics monitoring of military aircrew at high G using novel fNIRS wearable system. Front Neuroergon. 2024 Feb 23; 5:1357905."},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Systematic reviews and meta-analysis.","author":"Littell JH.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Littell JH. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 2008."},{"issue":"4","key":"B21","series-title":"J. Comput Civ Eng.","first-page":"04022016","article-title":"Neural basis analysis of firefighters\u2019 wayfinding performance via functional near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"36","author":"Shi Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi Y, Johnson C, Xia P, Kang J, Tyagi O,  Neural basis analysis of firefighters\u2019 wayfinding performance via functional near-infrared spectroscopy. J. Comput Civ Eng. 2022; 36(4):04022016."},{"issue":"35","key":"B22","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"11072","article-title":"Brain system for mental orientation in space, time, and person","volume":"112","author":"Peer M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peer M, Salomon R, Goldberg I, Blanke O, Arzy S. Brain system for mental orientation in space, time, and person. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015 Sep 1; 112(35):11072\u20137."},{"issue":"11","key":"B23","series-title":"Curr Biol.","first-page":"1416","article-title":"Posterior cingulate cortex integrates the senses of self-location and body ownership","volume":"25","author":"Guterstam A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guterstam A, Bj\u00f6rnsdotter M, Gentile G, Ehrsson HH. Posterior cingulate cortex integrates the senses of self-location and body ownership. Curr Biol. 2015 Jun 1; 25(11):1416\u201325."},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Neurosci Lett.","first-page":"220","article-title":"A novel virtual plus-maze for studying electrophysiological correlates of spatial reorientation","volume":"694","author":"Torok A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Torok A, K\u00f3bor A, Honbolyg\u00f3 F, Baker T. A novel virtual plus-maze for studying electrophysiological correlates of spatial reorientation. Neurosci Lett. 2019 Feb 16; 694:220\u20134."},{"key":"B25","series-title":"Biomed Mater Eng.","first-page":"S1115","article-title":"EEG functional network properties related to visually induced unrecognized spatial disorientation","volume":"26","author":"Li Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Y, Chen Y, Lv X, Yang Y, Li J,  EEG functional network properties related to visually induced unrecognized spatial disorientation. Biomed Mater Eng. 2015; 26(Suppl 1):S1115\u201324."},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Neuroimage.","first-page":"123","article-title":"EEG correlates of spatial orientation in the human retrosplenial complex","volume":"120","author":"Lin C-T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin C-T, Chiu T-C, Gramann K. EEG correlates of spatial orientation in the human retrosplenial complex. Neuroimage. 2015 Oct 15; 120:123\u201332."},{"key":"B27","first-page":"1","article-title":"EEG analysis of visually induced spatial disorientation","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hao C, Zhao R, Qiao L, Li X, Zhang J, Wu Y, , editors. EEG analysis of visually induced spatial disorientation. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI); 2019 Oct. 21-27; Suzhou, China. New York (NY): IEEE; 2019:1\u20135."},{"issue":"1","key":"B28","series-title":"Sci Rep.","first-page":"13036","article-title":"Human brain dynamics in active spatial navigation","volume":"11","author":"Do T-TN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Do T-TN, Lin C-T, Gramann K. Human brain dynamics in active spatial navigation. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 22; 11(1):13036."},{"issue":"12","key":"B29","series-title":"Eur J Neurosci.","first-page":"8256","article-title":"Mobile brain\/body imaging of landmark\u2010based navigation with high\u2010density EEG","volume":"54","author":"Delaux A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Delaux A, de Saint Aubert J-B, Ramano\u00ebl S, B\u00e9cu M, Gehrke L,  Mobile brain\/body imaging of landmark\u2010based navigation with high\u2010density EEG. Eur J Neurosci. 2021 Dec; 54(12):8256\u201382."},{"key":"B30","series-title":"World Neurosurg.","first-page":"353","article-title":"A history of the lobes of the brain","volume":"134","author":"Casillo SM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casillo SM, Luy DD, Goldschmidt E. A history of the lobes of the brain. World Neurosurg. 2020 Feb; 134:353\u201360."},{"issue":"2","key":"B31","series-title":"Psychon Bull Rev.","first-page":"208","article-title":"Neural evidence supports a novel framework for spatial navigation","volume":"20","author":"Chrastil ER.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chrastil ER. Neural evidence supports a novel framework for spatial navigation. Psychon Bull Rev. 2013 Apr; 20(2):208\u201327."},{"issue":"5744","key":"B32","series-title":"Sci.","first-page":"2226","article-title":"Direct evidence for a parietal-frontal pathway subserving spatial awareness in humans","volume":"309","author":"de Schotten MT","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Schotten MT, Urbanski M, Duffau H, Volle E, L\u00e9vy R,  Direct evidence for a parietal-frontal pathway subserving spatial awareness in humans. Sci. 2005 Sep 30; 309(5744):2226\u20138."},{"key":"B33","series-title":"Neuroimage.","first-page":"897","article-title":"The frequency of alpha oscillations: task-dependent modulation and its functional significance","volume":"183","author":"Babu HSI","year":"2018","unstructured":"Babu HSI, Wang C, Hu Z, Ding M. The frequency of alpha oscillations: task-dependent modulation and its functional significance. Neuroimage. 2018 Dec; 183:897\u2013906."},{"issue":"4","key":"B34","series-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res.","first-page":"295","article-title":"Relative alpha desynchronization and synchronization during speech perception","volume":"5","author":"Krause CM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Krause CM, P\u00f6rn B, Lang AH, Laine M. Relative alpha desynchronization and synchronization during speech perception. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 1997 Jun; 5(4):295\u20139."},{"key":"B35","series-title":"Principles of frontal lobe function.","author":"Stuss DT","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stuss DT, Knight RT. Principles of frontal lobe function. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 2013. [Accessed 16 January 2026] Available from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med\/9780199837755.001.0001."}],"container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/97\/3\/article-p194.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/97\/3\/article-p194.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/97\/3\/article-p194.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T01:59:13Z","timestamp":1777082353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/97\/3\/article-p194.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.6736.2026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}}}