{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:55:07Z","timestamp":1781744107090,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Musculoskeletal back injuries pose a substantial occupational health risk to fighter aircrew, potentially leading to prolonged or permanent flying restrictions. Besides unique operational stressors like high-G forces and life support equipment weight, general population risk factors may also be associated with such injuries in fighter aircrew.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A retrospective case-control study was conducted using data obtained from Republic of Singapore Air Force F-16 and F-15 fighter aircrew between 2014\u20132024. Cases were defined as aircrew diagnosed with musculoskeletal back injuries resulting in restriction from high-G or flying duties (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 26). There was a 1:3 ratio of cases to controls (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 78) matched by gender, age, total flying hours, and platform type. Data on operational, lifestyle, and clinical variables were extracted from the annual health screening database for both groups.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Aircrew with an elevated Body Mass Index of \u226525.0 had significantly increased odds while aircrew who regularly exercised \u22653 times\/wk had significantly reduced odds for musculoskeletal back injuries. There were no significant associations between musculoskeletal back injuries and hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, alcohol use, depression, or anxiety in the study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Common lifestyle factors are significantly associated with operationally relevant musculoskeletal back injuries in fighter aircrew. Understanding the interplay between general risk factors for such injuries and the unique stressors experienced by fighter aircrew will help flight surgeons develop effective preventative and management strategies for back injuries in fighter aircrew.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Pong JJJ, Soh FW, See B, Low JW, Chua AQH.\n                      <jats:italic>A 10-year review of back injury amongst Republic of Singapore Air Force fighter aircrew<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2026; 97(6):429\u2013434.\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.6840.2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:31:02Z","timestamp":1780450262000},"page":"429-434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A 10-Year Review of Back Injury Amongst Republic of Singapore Air Force Fighter Aircrew"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Jonathan Jia Jing","family":"Pong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng Wei","family":"Soh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason Weizheng","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron Qi Han","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"B1","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"500","article-title":"A prospective cohort study on risk factors for cervico-thoracic pain in military aircrew","volume":"94","author":"Tegern M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tegern M, Aasa U, Larsson H. A prospective cohort study on risk factors for cervico-thoracic pain in military aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023 Jul 1; 94(7):500\u20137."},{"issue":"11","key":"B2","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"936","article-title":"Modern air combat developments and their influence on neck and back pain in F-16 pilots","volume":"86","author":"Thoolen SJJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thoolen SJJ, Van Den Oord MHAH. Modern air combat developments and their influence on neck and back pain in F-16 pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015 Nov; 86(11):936\u201341."},{"issue":"11","key":"B3","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Gz induced spinal symptoms in fighter pilots: operational and individual associated factors","volume":"83","author":"Wagstaff AS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wagstaff AS, Jahr KI, Rodskier S. +Gz induced spinal symptoms in fighter pilots: operational and individual associated factors. 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Scand J Work Environ Health. 2023 Oct 1; 49(7):453\u201365."},{"issue":"8","key":"B9","series-title":"Biomedicines.","first-page":"2175","article-title":"Body mass index and its influence on chronic low back pain in the Spanish population: a secondary analysis from the European Health Survey (2020)","volume":"11","author":"Lucha-L\u00f3pez MO","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lucha-L\u00f3pez MO, Hidalgo-Garc\u00eda C, Monti-Ballano S, M\u00e1rquez-Gonzalvo S, Ferr\u00e1ndez-Laliena L,  Body mass index and its influence on chronic low back pain in the Spanish population: a secondary analysis from the European Health Survey (2020). Biomedicines. 2023 Aug 2; 11(8):2175."},{"issue":"5","key":"B10","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol.","first-page":"1093","article-title":"Exercise for the prevention of low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"187","author":"Shiri R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shiri R, Coggon D, Falah-Hassani K. 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Spine J. 2023 Aug; 23(8):1161\u201371."},{"key":"B20","series-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth.","first-page":"e48812","article-title":"G tolerance prediction model using mobile device-measured cardiac force index for military aircrew: observational study","volume":"11","author":"Kuo M-H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kuo M-H, Lin Y-J, Huang W-W, Chiang K-T, Tu M-Y,  G tolerance prediction model using mobile device-measured cardiac force index for military aircrew: observational study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2023 Jul 26; 11:e48812."},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"Sci Rep.","first-page":"23375","article-title":"Causal impacts of smoking on pain conditions and the mediating pathways: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"14","author":"Zhang K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang K, Liang H. Causal impacts of smoking on pain conditions and the mediating pathways: a Mendelian randomization study. 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