{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T01:13:58Z","timestamp":1783646038390,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Aerospace Medical Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Middle ear and sinus barotraumas (MEBt and SBt) are common conditions in aviation medicine, but systematic prevalence data on military pilots in real-life military flight are lacking.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    An anonymous electronic questionnaire was distributed to 170 consecutive military pilots of the Finnish Defense Forces as part of their annual flight physical examinations. The primary outcomes were the self-reported frequency, clinical characteristics, and occupational health effects of MEBt and SBt in flight. The secondary outcomes were factors associated with repeated MEBt and SBt in flight [odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs)].\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In total, 74% (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 126\/170) of military pilots had experienced MEBt and 60% (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 102\/170) SBt during their careers. The symptoms warranted the use of medications in 19% of pilots with MEBt and in 21% of pilots with SBt; otorhinolaryngology-related surgical procedures in 4% of pilots with MEBt and in 14% of pilots with SBt; and sick leave in 17% of pilots with MEBt and in 20% of pilots with SBt. Factors most associated with repeated MEBt and SBt were episodes of MEBt (OR 5.56, 95% CI 1.07\u201328.88) and SBt (OR 40.61, 95% CI 7.51\u2013219.70) in hypobaric pressure chamber tests, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    MEBt and SBt are frequent in military pilots, causing the need for medications, otorhinolaryngology-related surgical procedures, and sick leave from flight duty. The factors most associated with repeated MEBt and SBt are episodes of MEBt and SBt in hypobaric pressure chamber tests in connection with the annual flight physical examinations, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Lindfors OH, Leino TK, M\u00e4ntysaari M, Sinkkonen ST.\n                      <jats:italic>Middle ear and sinus barotraumas of military pilots in Finland<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2026; 97(7):488\u2013495.\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3357\/amhp.6899.2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:30:29Z","timestamp":1783643429000},"page":"488-495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Middle Ear and Sinus Barotraumas of Military Pilots in Finland"],"prefix":"10.3357","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Oskari H.","family":"Lindfors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomo K.","family":"Leino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"M\u00e4ntysaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saku T.","family":"Sinkkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1911","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"BMJ Clin Evid.","article-title":"Middle-ear pain and trauma during air travel","author":"Wright T.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wright T. Middle-ear pain and trauma during air travel. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015 Jan 19; 2015:0501."},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","series-title":"Allergy Rhinol (Providence).","first-page":"109","article-title":"Barosinusitis: comprehensive review and proposed new classification system","volume":"8","author":"Vaezeafshar R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vaezeafshar R, Psaltis AJ, Rao VK, Zarabanda D, Patel ZM, Nayak JV. Barosinusitis: comprehensive review and proposed new classification system. Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2017 Oct 1; 8(3):109\u201317."},{"issue":"2","key":"B3","series-title":"Aerosp Med.","first-page":"178","article-title":"Alternobaric vertigo among pilots","volume":"37","author":"Lundgren CE","year":"1966","unstructured":"Lundgren CE, Malm LU. Alternobaric vertigo among pilots. Aerosp Med. 1966 Feb; 37(2):178\u201380."},{"issue":"1","key":"B4","series-title":"Aerosp Med.","first-page":"64","article-title":"Incidence, causes and results of airline pilot incapacitation while on duty","volume":"40","author":"Buley LE.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Buley LE. Incidence, causes and results of airline pilot incapacitation while on duty. Aerosp Med. 1969 Jan; 40(1):64\u201370."},{"issue":"11","key":"B5","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Airline pilot incapacitation survey","volume":"62","author":"James M","year":"1991","unstructured":"James M, Green R. Airline pilot incapacitation survey. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1991 Nov; 62(11):1068\u201372."},{"issue":"5","key":"B6","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"401","article-title":"Waivers for disqualifying medical conditions in U.S. Naval aviation personnel","volume":"66","author":"Bailey DA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bailey DA, Gilleran LG, Merchant PG. Waivers for disqualifying medical conditions in U.S. Naval aviation personnel. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1995 May; 66(5):401\u20137."},{"issue":"1","key":"B7","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"66","article-title":"Perilymphatic fistula in cabin attendants: an incapacitating consequence of flying with common cold","volume":"76","author":"Klokker M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klokker M, Vesterhauge S. Perilymphatic fistula in cabin attendants: an incapacitating consequence of flying with common cold. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Jan; 76(1):66\u20138."},{"issue":"2","key":"B8","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"146","article-title":"Medical reasons for loss of license in Norwegian professional pilots","volume":"88","author":"H\u00f8va JK","year":"2017","unstructured":"H\u00f8va JK, Thorheim L, Wagstaff AS. Medical reasons for loss of license in Norwegian professional pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017 Feb 1; 88(2):146\u20139."},{"issue":"9","key":"B9","series-title":"Aerosp Med.","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Investigation of fatal aircraft accidents: \u201cphysiological incidents\u201d","volume":"42","author":"Simson LRJ.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Simson LRJ. Investigation of fatal aircraft accidents: \u201cphysiological incidents\u201d. Aerosp Med. 1971 Sep; 42(9):1002\u20136."},{"issue":"9","key":"B10","series-title":"Aerosp Med.","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Barotrauma in United States Air Force accidents-incidents","volume":"44","author":"Lewis ST.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lewis ST. Barotrauma in United States Air Force accidents-incidents. Aerosp Med. 1973 Sep; 44(9):1059\u201361."},{"issue":"9","key":"B11","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"994","article-title":"Incidence of adverse reactions from 23,000 exposures to simulated terrestrial altitudes up to 8900 m","volume":"74","author":"DeGroot DW","year":"2003","unstructured":"DeGroot DW, Devine JA, Fulco CS. Incidence of adverse reactions from 23,000 exposures to simulated terrestrial altitudes up to 8900 m. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2003 Sep; 74(9):994\u20137."},{"issue":"5","key":"B12","series-title":"MSMR.","first-page":"8","article-title":"U.S. Armed Forces air crew: incident illness and injury diagnosis during the 12 months prior to retirement, 2003-2012","volume":"21","author":"Smallman DP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smallman DP, Hu Z, Rohrbeck P. U.S. Armed Forces air crew: incident illness and injury diagnosis during the 12 months prior to retirement, 2003-2012. MSMR. 2014 May; 21(5):8\u201312."},{"issue":"11","key":"B13","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"1034","article-title":"A five-year survey of hypobaric chamber physiological incidents in the Canadian Forces","volume":"54","author":"Crowell LB.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Crowell LB. A five-year survey of hypobaric chamber physiological incidents in the Canadian Forces. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1983 Nov; 54(11):1034\u20136."},{"issue":"9","key":"B14","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"882","article-title":"Physiological training in Jordan","volume":"67","author":"Al-Wedyan IA","year":"1996","unstructured":"Al-Wedyan IA, Shahin BH, Abu Ghosh HM, Al-Aqqad SS, Al-Qura\u2019an MS. Physiological training in Jordan. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996 Sep; 67(9):882\u20134."},{"issue":"4","key":"B15","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"395","article-title":"Physiological incidents during 39 years of hypobaric chamber training in Japan","volume":"73","author":"Ohrui N","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ohrui N, Takeuchi A, Tong A, Ohuchi M, Iwata M,  Physiological incidents during 39 years of hypobaric chamber training in Japan. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2002 Apr; 73(4):395\u20138."},{"issue":"12","key":"B16","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Acute otitic barotrauma during hypobaric chamber training: prevalence and prevention","volume":"80","author":"Landolfi A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Landolfi A, Torchia F, Autore A, Appiani MC, Morgagni F, Appiani GC. Acute otitic barotrauma during hypobaric chamber training: prevalence and prevention. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2009 Dec; 80(12):1059\u201362."},{"issue":"1","key":"B17","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"61","article-title":"Predictors of barotrauma events in a Navy altitude chamber","volume":"68","author":"Davenport NA.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davenport NA. Predictors of barotrauma events in a Navy altitude chamber. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997 Jan; 68(1):61\u20135."},{"issue":"9","key":"B18","series-title":"Aerosp Med.","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Aeromedical considerations in the management of paranasal sinus barotrauma","volume":"43","author":"Smith JP","year":"1972","unstructured":"Smith JP, Furry DE. Aeromedical considerations in the management of paranasal sinus barotrauma. Aerosp Med. 1972 Sep; 43(9):1031\u20133."},{"issue":"9","key":"B19","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"873","article-title":"Altitude chamber related adverse effects among 1241 airmen","volume":"81","author":"Morgagni F","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morgagni F, Autore A, Landolfi A, Torchia F, Appiani GC. Altitude chamber related adverse effects among 1241 airmen. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2010 Sep; 81(9):873\u20137."},{"issue":"3","key":"B20","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"307","article-title":"Acute middle ear barotraumas and Eustachian tube dysfunction in fighter pilot: a case report [Abstract #426]","volume":"89","author":"Leino TK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leino TK, Sinkkonen ST. Acute middle ear barotraumas and Eustachian tube dysfunction in fighter pilot: a case report [Abstract #426]. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(3):307."},{"issue":"3","key":"B21","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"182","article-title":"Middle ear barotraumas in commercial aircrew","volume":"92","author":"Lindfors OH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lindfors OH, Ketola KS, Klockars TK, Leino TK, Sinkkonen ST. Middle ear barotraumas in commercial aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021 Mar; 92(3):182\u20139."},{"issue":"11","key":"B22","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"857","article-title":"Sinus barotraumas in commercial aircrew","volume":"92","author":"Lindfors OH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lindfors OH, Ketola KS, Klockars TK, Leino TK, Sinkkonen ST. Sinus barotraumas in commercial aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021 Nov; 92(11):857\u201363."},{"issue":"12","key":"B23","series-title":"Laryngoscope.","first-page":"2160","article-title":"Frontal sinus barotrauma","volume":"82","author":"Weissman B","year":"1972","unstructured":"Weissman B, Green RS, Roberts PT. Frontal sinus barotrauma. Laryngoscope. 1972 Dec; 82(12):2160\u20138."},{"issue":"10","key":"B24","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"960","article-title":"Upper respiratory infections and barotraumas in commercial pilots: a retrospective survey","volume":"79","author":"Rosenkvist L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosenkvist L, Klokker M, Katholm M. Upper respiratory infections and barotraumas in commercial pilots: a retrospective survey. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2008 Oct; 79(10):960\u20133."},{"issue":"1","key":"B25","series-title":"Aerosp Med Hum Perform.","first-page":"17","article-title":"Upper Respiratory Infections and Barotrauma Among Commercial Pilots","volume":"88","author":"Boel NM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boel NM, Klokker M. Upper Respiratory Infections and Barotrauma Among Commercial Pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017 Jan 1; 88(1):17\u201322."},{"issue":"4","key":"B26","series-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.","first-page":"350","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis and ear pain in flight","volume":"95","author":"Ohrui N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ohrui N, Takeuchi A, Tong A, Iwata M, Nakamura A, Ohashi K. Allergic rhinitis and ear pain in flight. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 Oct; 95(4):350\u20133."},{"issue":"7","key":"B27","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"660","article-title":"Endoscopic frontal sinus drillout for recurrent barotrauma: a procedure to save a pilot\u2019s career","volume":"80","author":"Weitzel EK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weitzel EK, Flottmann JT, McMains KC. Endoscopic frontal sinus drillout for recurrent barotrauma: a procedure to save a pilot\u2019s career. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2009 Jul; 80(7):660\u20132."},{"issue":"11","key":"B28","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Barotrauma secondary to inflammatory maxillary sinus polyp: a case report","volume":"73","author":"Baughman SM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baughman SM, Brennan J. Barotrauma secondary to inflammatory maxillary sinus polyp: a case report. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2002 Nov; 73(11):1127\u201331."},{"issue":"6","key":"B29","series-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med.","first-page":"594","article-title":"Predictors of ear barotrauma in aircrews exposed to simulated high altitude","volume":"83","author":"Morgagni F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morgagni F, Autore A, Landolfi A, Appiani MC, Appiani GC. Predictors of ear barotrauma in aircrews exposed to simulated high altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2012 Jun; 83(6):594\u20137."}],"container-title":["Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/97\/7\/article-p488.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/97\/7\/article-p488.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amhp\/97\/7\/article-p488.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:30:33Z","timestamp":1783643433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asma.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/amhp\/97\/7\/article-p488.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3357\/amhp.6899.2026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-6314","2375-6322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-6314","type":"print"},{"value":"2375-6322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}